Role For Reconfigurable Wavelength Multiplexed Networks And Links In Future Optical Networks

Network design, implementation and paths to exploiting optical fibre bandwidth are reviewed. Experimental network measurements on installed fibre are reported using fibre amplifiers and optical switches.

Provides a comprehensive and updated account of WDM optical network systems Optical networking has advanced considerably since 2010. A host of new technologies and applications has brought a significant change in optical networks, migrating it towards an all-optical network. This book places great emphasis on the network concepts, technology, and methodologies that will stand the test of time and also help in understanding and developing advanced optical network systems. The first part of Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks provides a qualitative foundation for what follows—presenting an overview of optical networking, the different network architectures, basic concepts, and a high-level view of the different network structures considered in subsequent chapters. It offers a survey of enabling technologies and the hardware devices in the physical layer, followed by a more detailed picture of the network in the remaining chapters. The next sections give an in-depth study of the three basic network structures: the static broadcast networks, wavelength routed networks, and the electronic/optical logically routed networks, covering the characteristics of the optical networks in the access, metropolitan area, and long-haul reach. It discusses the networking picture; network control and management, impairment management and survivability. The last section of the book covers the upcoming technologies of flex-grid and software defined optical networking. Provides concise, updated, and comprehensive coverage of WDM optical networks Features numerous examples and exercise problems for the student to practice Covers, in detail, important topics, such as, access, local area, metropolitan, wide area all-optical and elastic networks Includes protocols, design, and analysis along with the control and management of the networks Offers exclusive chapters on advance topics to cover the present and future technological trends, such as, software defined optical networking and the flexible grid optical networks Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks is an excellent book for under and post graduate students in electrical/communication engineering. It will also be very useful to practicing professionals in communications, networking, and optical systems.

Fiber-based access is recognized as the most promising technology for solving broadband bandwidth bottlenecks. Time division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs) that are passive and non-reconfigurable are currently the most widely deployed type of fiber access networks. However, due to their passive nature, TDM-PONs faces several limitations such as inflexible service area coverage, lack of intelligence for control, and inability to counteract security attacks. In order to address the current limitations of optical access networks, we propose reconfigurable technologies for next generation PONs. Two novel reconfigurable technologies are proposed, analyzed, and experimentally evaluated. The first solution is a reconfigurable power-and wavelength- assignment technology based on a novel non-volatile, reconfiguration node. The proposed remote node can reconfigure the network to adapt it to varying degrees of deployment conditions and/or network attacks. Moreover, the proposed remote node incorporates a novel quasi-passive device that does not consume energy once it is reconfigured into a new latching state. Therefore, the proposed remote node has very low energy consumption and does not require local power supply to preserve the passive character of the distribution network. In particular, two novel quasi-passive optical power splitter technologies based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and transition metal oxide have been designed for the reconfigurable device. A simulation study shows the proposed reconfigurable device would outperform traditional passive splitter in terms of maximum number of supportable users under realistic deployment conditions. The second solution addresses the issue of reconfigurable network consolidation and infrastructure simplification. Current TDM-PONs suffers from limited reach and split-ratio. To enhance the performance in terms of service range and quality of service, reconfigurable network consolidation is a promising solution. It can also simplify the network and reduce cost. We propose the following novel reconfigurable technologies for consolidation and simplification of next generation access networks: (1) Passive reach-extension technology for the drop section of optical access networks; (2) Sleep mode ONUs for energy saving; (3) Centrally managed optical signature that can monitor and protect the upstream link; and (4) Multi-rate burst mode receivers. These reconfigurable technologies can bring the intelligence into optical access networks and improve the efficiency and flexibility for next generation optical access networks.

The deployment of Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADMs) is gradually transforming a transport layer made of point-to-point optical links into a highly-interconnected, reconfigurable photonic mesh. To date, the widespread use of ROADMs has been driven by the cost savings and operational simplicity they provide to quasi-static networks (i.e. networks in which new connections are frequently set up, but rarely taken down). However, new applications exploiting the ROADMs’ ability to dynamically reconfigure a photonic mesh network are now being investigated. In this chapter we review the attributes and limitations of today’s ROADMs and other node hardware, and survey proposals for future improvements, including colorless, non-directional, and contentionless add/drop ports. Applications of reconfigurable networks are also discussed, with emphasis on the backbone network of a major communications service provider (carrier). Finally, we assess which of these new developments are most likely to bring added value in the near-term and long-term future.

Fiber-based access is recognized as the most promising technology for solving broadband bandwidth bottlenecks. Time division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs) that are passive and non-reconfigurable are currently the most widely deployed type of fiber access networks. However, due to their passive nature, TDM-PONs faces several limitations such as inflexible service area coverage, lack of intelligence for control, and inability to counteract security attacks. In order to address the current limitations of optical access networks, we propose reconfigurable technologies for next generation PONs. Two novel reconfigurable technologies are proposed, analyzed, and experimentally evaluated. The first solution is a reconfigurable power-and wavelength- assignment technology based on a novel non-volatile, reconfiguration node. The proposed remote node can reconfigure the network to adapt it to varying degrees of deployment conditions and/or network attacks. Moreover, the proposed remote node incorporates a novel quasi-passive device that does not consume energy once it is reconfigured into a new latching state. Therefore, the proposed remote node has very low energy consumption and does not require local power supply to preserve the passive character of the distribution network. In particular, two novel quasi-passive optical power splitter technologies based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and transition metal oxide have been designed for the reconfigurable device. A simulation study shows the proposed reconfigurable device would outperform traditional passive splitter in terms of maximum number of supportable users under realistic deployment conditions. The second solution addresses the issue of reconfigurable network consolidation and infrastructure simplification. Current TDM-PONs suffers from limited reach and split-ratio. To enhance the performance in terms of service range and quality of service, reconfigurable network consolidation is a promising solution. It can also simplify the network and reduce cost. We propose the following novel reconfigurable technologies for consolidation and simplification of next generation access networks: (1) Passive reach-extension technology for the drop section of optical access networks; (2) Sleep mode ONUs for energy saving; (3) Centrally managed optical signature that can monitor and protect the upstream link; and (4) Multi-rate burst mode receivers. These reconfigurable technologies can bring the intelligence into optical access networks and improve the efficiency and flexibility for next generation optical access networks.

This handbook is an authoritative, comprehensive reference on optical networks, the backbone of today’s communication and information society. The book reviews the many underlying technologies that enable the global optical communications infrastructure, but also explains current research trends targeted towards continued capacity scaling and enhanced networking flexibility in support of an unabated traffic growth fueled by ever-emerging new applications. The book is divided into four parts: Optical Subsystems for Transmission and Switching, Core Networks, Datacenter and Super-Computer Networking, and Optical Access and Wireless Networks. Each chapter is written by world-renown experts that represent academia, industry, and international government and regulatory agencies. Every chapter provides a complete picture of its field, from entry-level information to a snapshot of the respective state-of-the-art technologies to emerging research trends, providing something useful for the novice who wants to get familiar with the field to the expert who wants to get a concise view of future trends.

This book presents an in-depth treatment of routing and wavelength assignment for optical networks, and focuses specifically on quality-of-service and fault resiliency issues. It reports on novel approaches for the development of routing and wavelength assignment schemes for fault-resilient optical networks, which improve their performance in terms of signal quality, call blocking, congestion level and reliability, without a substantial increase in network setup cost. The book first presents a solution for reducing the effect of the wavelength continuity constraint during the routing and wavelength assignment phase. Further, it reports on an approach allowing the incorporation of a traffic grooming mechanism with routing and wavelength assignment to enhance the effective channel utilization of a given capacity optical network using fewer electrical-optical-electrical conversions. As a third step, it addresses a quality of service provision scheme for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-based optical networks. Lastly, the book describes the inclusion of a tree-based fault resilience scheme in priority-based dispersion-reduced wavelength assignment schemes for the purpose of improving network reliability, while maintaining a better utilization of network resources. Mainly intended for graduate students and researchers, the book provides them with extensive information on both fundamental and advanced technologies for routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks. The topics covered will also be of interest to network planners and designers.

With the advent of wavelength routing and dynamic, reconfigurable optical networks, new demands are being made in the design and operation of optical amplifiers. This book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive review of optical amplifier technology in the context of these recent advances in the field. It demonstrates how to manage the trade-offs between amplifier design, network architecture and system management and operation. The book provides an overview of optical amplifiers and reconfigurable networks before examining in greater detail the issues of importance to network operators and equipment manufacturers, including 40G and 100G transmission. Optical amplifier design is fully considered, focusing on fundamentals, design solutions and amplifier performance limitations. Finally, the book discusses other emerging applications for optical amplifiers such as optical networks for high data rate systems, free space systems, long single span links and optical digital networks. This book will be of great value to R&D engineers, network and systems engineers, telecommunications service providers, component suppliers, industry analysts, network operators, postgraduate students, academics and anyone seeking to understand emerging trends in optical networks and the consequent changes in optical amplifier design, features and applications. Provides an in depth and focused review of the new reconfigurable network architecture and its impact on optical amplifiers Addresses 40G and 100G transmission and networking Written by experts in the field with deep technical knowledge and practical experience of commercial practice and concerns