Resource Allocation For Wireless Early Networks

Following the pattern of the Internet growth in popularity, started in the early 1990s, the current unprecedented expansion of wireless technology promises to have an even greater effect on how people communicate and interact, with considerable socio-economic impact all over the world. The driving force behind this growth is the remarkable progress in component miniaturization, integration, and also devel- ments in waveforms, coding, and communication protocols. Besides established infrastructurebased wireless networks (cellular, WLAN, sat- lite) ad-hoc wireless networks emerge as a new platform for distributed applications and for personal communication in scenarios where deploying infrastructure is not feasible. In ad-hoc wireless networks, each node is capable of forwarding packets on behalf of other nodes, so that multi-hop paths provide end-to-end connectivity. The increased flexibility and mobility of ad-hoc wireless networks are favored for appli- tions in law enforcement, homeland defense and military. In a world where wireless networks become increasingly interoperable with each other and with the high-speed wired Internet, personal communication systems will transform into universal terminals with instant access to variate content and able of handle demanding tasks, such as multimedia and real-time video. With users roaming between networks, and with wide variation in wireless link quality even in a single domain, the communications terminal must continue to provide a level of Quality of Service that is acceptable to the user and conforms to a contracted Service Level Agreement.

The purpose of this book is to provide tools for a better understanding of the fundamental tradeo?s and interdependencies in wireless networks, with the goal of designing resource allocation strategies that exploit these int- dependencies to achieve signi?cant performance gains. Two facts prompted us to write it: First, future wireless applications will require a fundamental understanding of the design principles and control mechanisms in wireless networks. Second, the complexity of the network problems simply precludes the use of engineering common sense alone to identify good solutions, and so mathematics becomes the key avenue to cope with central technical problems in the design of wireless networks. In this book, two ?elds of mathematics play a central role: Perron-Frobenius theory for non-negative matrices and optimization theory. This book is a revised and expanded version of the research monograph “Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks” that was published as Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences (LNCS 4000) in 2006. Although the general structure has remained unchanged to a large extent, the book contains - merous additional results and more detailed discussion. For instance, there is a more extensive treatment of general nonnegative matrices and interf- ence functions that are described by an axiomatic model. Additional material on max-min fairness, proportional fairness, utility-based power control with QoS (quality of service) support and stochastic power control has been added.

With the growing popularity of wireless networks in recent years, the need to increase network capacity and efficiency has become more prominent in society. This has led to the development and implementation of heterogeneous networks. Resource Allocation in Next-Generation Broadband Wireless Access Networks is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly research on upcoming 5G technologies for next generation mobile networks, examining the various features, solutions, and challenges associated with such advances. Highlighting relevant coverage across topics such as energy efficiency, user support, and adaptive multimedia services, this book is ideally designed for academics, professionals, graduate students, and professionals interested in novel research for wireless innovations.

In this thesis, we propose several resource allocation strategies for relay networks in the context of joint power and bandwidth allocation and relay selection, and joint power allocation and subchannel assignment for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. Sharing the two best ordered relays with equal power between the two users over Rayleigh flat fading channels is proposed to establish full diversity order for both users. Closed form expressions for the outage probability, and bit error probability (BEP) performance measures for both amplify and forward (AF) and decode and forward (DF) cooperative communication schemes are developed for different scenarios. To utilize the full potentials of relay-assisted transmission in multi user systems, we propose a mixed strategy of AF relaying and direct transmission, where the user transmits part of the data using the relay, and the other part is transmitted using the direct link. The resource allocation problem is formulated to maximize the sum rate. A recursive algorithm alternating between power allocation and bandwidth allocation steps is proposed to solve the formulated resource allocation problem. Due to the conflict between limited wireless resources and the fast growing wireless demands, Stackelberg game is proposed to allocate the relay resources (power and bandwidth) between competing users, aiming to maximize the relay benefits from selling its resources. We prove the uniqueness of Stackelberg Nash Equilibrium (SNE) for the proposed game. We develop a distributed algorithm to reach SNE, and investigate the conditions for the stability of the proposed algorithm. We propose low complexity algorithms for AF-OFDMA and DF-OFDMA systems to assign the subcarriers to the users based on high SNR approximation aiming to maximize the weighted sum rate. Auction framework is proposed to devise competition based solutions for the resource allocation of AF-OFDMA aiming tomaximize either vi the sum rate or the fairness index. Two auction algorithms are proposed; sequential and one-shot auctions. In sequential auction, the users evaluate the subcarrier based on the rate marginal contribution. In the one-shot auction, the users evaluate the subcarriers based on an estimate of the Shapley value and bids on all subcarriers at once. Acknowledgments All praise and thanks be to Allah, for blessing me with the strength and enthusiasm to seek knowledge and to complete this work. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my advisor Dr. Imad Barhumi, for his academic guidance and enthusiastic encouragement throughout this PhD. His constant encouragement was vital in making this dissertation a reality. He spent endless hours proofreading my research papers and giving me excellent suggestions, which always resulted in improved versions of the documents. He also supportedme during the difficult times in my research. He believed in me when I doubted myself, and always preserved his confidence in my ability to complete my PhD. Doing a PhD is always challenging, and I will not forget how Dr. Imad assisted me. I cannot thank him enough for all the encouragement and advice, helping to make it an enjoyable experience. I owemy deepest gratitude to theUnitedArab EmiratesUniversity (UAEU) for its generosity in supporting me financially during my PhD study. I would like to thank Dr. Mohammad Hayajneh, Dr. Qurban Ali, and Prof. Noafal Al-Dahir for serving as my PhD Advisory Committee. I would like to thank Prof. K.J. Ray Liu, Dr. Mohammed Abdel-Hafez, Dr. Khaled Shuaib for serving as my PhD Examining Committee. Iwould like to thank all the faculty and staff in the Electrical Engineering Department in UAEU for their continuous encouragement. I would like to acknowledge the help of all the people who have contributed to my education, especially,my professors in Jordan University and colleagues in Amman Al-Ahliyyah University. I would like to thank friends at UAEU; Salam, Assha, Hanifa, Razan, Shumma, Taghreed, Sawsan, Nedaa, Reem, Maysara, Dr. Maysa, Hanan, Hana, and Swzen. Thank you for the true positive experience we had during my PhD research. I would like to thank my friends Rana, Ymna, Lubna, Lena, Lamiss, Abir, Huda, Maram, Ahlam, and Angham. Your friendship and prayers gave me strength to overcome difficulties throughout this endeavor. All thanks to Alah for blessing me with good friends. My heartiest thanks go to my parents, brothers and their families, thank you for everything, for your support, love, and care.

Next generation wireless and mobile communication systems are rapidly evolving to satisfy the demands of various network users. Due to the great success and enormous impact of IP networks, high-speed transmission is now possible for both indoor and outdoor wireless systems, internet access and web browsing have become the ruling paradigm for next generation system. It is envisioned that new generation wireless networks and hand-held terminals will support a wide variety of multimedia services such as multimedia web browsing, video and news on demand, mobile office system, stock market information, and so on, to mobile users anywhere, anytime in an uninterrupted and seamless way with low-powered handsets. The characteristics of wireless links, as well as the desire to maintain connectivity while on the move, offer significant challenges to provisioning quality of service and the related performance is of central interest. Since the resources (such as time, frequency and code) in the wireless segments of such networks are very limited, over-dimensioning the network resource is equivalent to poor capital investment, while congestion at busy hours could mean lost calls and lost revenues. It is therefore critical for wireless network designers to utilise these resources efficiently and effectively. In response to the above demand for next generation wireless and mobile communication systems, this book aims at providing a timely and concise reference of the current activities and findings in the relevant technical fields. The primary goal is to address the key technical issues pertaining to the integrated new systems and present novel technical contributions. The book contains 14 invited chapters from prominent researchers working in this area around the world.

This book provides an in-depth discussion on how to efficiently manage resources of heterogeneous wireless networks and how to design resource allocation algorithms to suit real world conditions. Efficiently managing resources of the networks is more crucial now, than ever before, to meet users’ rapidly increasing demand for higher data rates, better quality-of-service (QoS) and seamless coverage. Some of the techniques that can be incorporated within heterogeneous wireless networks to achieve this objective are interworking of the networks, user multi-homing and device-to-device (D2D) communication. Designing resource allocation algorithms to suit real world conditions is also important, as the algorithms should be deployable and perform well in real networks. For example, two of the conditions considered in this book are resource allocation intervals of different networks are different and small cell base stations have limited computational capacity. To address the first condition, resource allocation algorithms for interworking systems are designed to allocate resources of different networks at different time-scales. To address the second condition, resource allocation algorithms are designed to be able to run at cloud computing servers. More of such conditions, algorithms designed to suit these conditions, modeling techniques for various networks and performance analysis of the algorithms are discussed in the book. This book concludes with a discussion on the future research directions on the related fields of study. Advanced-level students focused on communication and networking will use this book as a study guide. Researchers and experts in the fields of networking, converged networks, small-cell networks, resource management, and interference management, as well as consultants working in network planning and optimization and managers, executives and network architects working in the networking industry will also find this book useful as a reference.

Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks demonstrates that emerging applications and directions require fundamental understanding on how to design and control wireless networks that lie far beyond what the currently existing theory can provide. It is shown that mathematics is the key technology to cope with central technical problems in their design. The book provides the tools for better understanding the fundamental tradeoffs in wireless networks.

Information flow in a telecommunication network is accomplished through the interaction of mechanisms at various design layers with the end goal of supporting the information exchange needs of the applications. In wireless networks in particular, the different layers interact in a nontrivial manner in order to support information transfer. In this text we will present abstract models that capture the cross-layer interaction from the physical to transport layer in wireless network architectures including cellular, ad-hoc and sensor networks as well as hybrid wireless-wireline. The model allows for arbitrary network topologies as well as traffic forwarding modes, including datagrams and virtual circuits. Furthermore the time varying nature of a wireless network, due either to fading channels or to changing connectivity due to mobility, is adequately captured in our model to allow for state dependent network control policies. Quantitative performance measures that capture the quality of service requirements in these systems depending on the supported applications are discussed, including throughput maximization, energy consumption minimization, rate utility function maximization as well as general performance functionals. Cross-layer control algorithms with optimal or suboptimal performance with respect to the above measures are presented and analyzed. A detailed exposition of the related analysis and design techniques is provided.

This book presents state-of-the-art research on robust resource allocation in current and future wireless networks. The authors describe the nominal resource allocation problems in wireless networks and explain why introducing robustness in such networks is desirable. Then, depending on the objectives of the problem, namely maximizing the social utility or the per-user utility, cooperative or competitive approaches are explained and their corresponding robust problems are considered in detail. For each approach, the costs and benefits of robust schemes are discussed and the algorithms for reducing their costs and improving their benefits are presented. Considering the fact that such problems are inherently non-convex and intractable, a taxonomy of different relaxation techniques is presented, and applications of such techniques are shown via several examples throughout the book. Finally, the authors argue that resource allocation continues to be an important issue in future wireless networks, and propose specific problems for future research.

Merging the fundamental principles of resource allocation with the state-of-the-art in research and application examples, Han and Liu present a novel and comprehensive perspective for improving wireless systems performance. Cross-layer multiuser optimization in wireless networks is described systematically. Starting from the basic principles, such as power control and multiple access, coverage moves to the optimization techniques for resource allocation, including formulation and analysis, and game theory. Advanced topics such as dynamic resource allocation and resource allocation in antenna array processing, and in cooperative, sensor, personal area, and ultrawideband networks, are then discussed. Unique in its scope, timeliness, and innovative author insights, this invaluable work will help graduate students and researchers to understand the basics of wireless resource allocation whilst highlighting modern research topics, and will help industrial engineers to improve system optimization.