Removal Of Edcs And Pharmaceuticals In Drinking And Reuse Treatment Processes

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are groups of emerging contaminants that have been detected at trace concentrations in waters around the world. This project studies the monitoring and removal of various EDCs and PPCPs.

EDCs and pharmaceuticals are groups of emerging contaminants that have been detected at trace concentrations in waters around the world. These contaminants encompass a vast range of molecular structure and properties. Sparse data exist on the occurrence and fate of these emerging contaminants during water treatment. This project investigated EDC/pharmaceutical occurrence in U.S. drinking water and the efficacy of conventional and advanced water treatment processes to reduce the concentrations of these contaminants. The objectives of this study were to (1) select a diverse group of representative endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals, (2) develop a robust analytical methodology capable of trace detection of target compounds in a variety of water matrices, (3) determine the occurrence of target compounds in U.S. drinking waters, (4) evaluate the EDC/pharmaceutical removal potential of conventional and advanced drinking and reuse water processes, and (5) evaluate computer models to predict target compound properties and fate. This report provides fundamental information on the removal of several classes of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals by conventional and advanced water treatment processes. A detailed description of analytical methods is provided, including information on sample preservation, extraction, and instrumental analysis. The report provides some of the first U.S. occurrence data for these emerging contaminants in raw and finished drinking water supplies. From the treatment and occurrence information, compounds with likely occurrence can be selected for monitoring programs that will represent the fate of various classes of emerging contaminants. Computer models are described that can be used to predict properties and fate of future water contaminants.

This book brings together and integrates contributions on water quality modeling, monitoring and assessment techniques; wastewater treatment technologies; and sociological approaches in a single text. Divided into twenty chapters, it offers a comprehensive reference for students, professionals and researchers working on various aspects of water environment technology. The papers published in this book – selected from those presented at the 1st International Forum on Asian Water Environment Technology, held in 2013 in New Delhi, India – highlight the water environmental problems in Asia and respective countermeasures. This book addresses water quality requirements, emphasizing the factors that affect the water environment. Treated wastewater as a new source of water is also examined, introducing readers to important aspects of water reuse. Selecting the most effective and proper wastewater treatment approach is actually the most essential part of generating a new water resource, as well as protecting the receiving water environments. Thus, the fundamental principles of wastewater treatment and monitoring are a major focus in this book, which is intended to help readers effectively address various water environmental problems in Asian countries.

The presence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) such as pesticides, personal care products, antibiotics and pharmaceutical compounds, in sewage, industrial, and domestic waters has extensively become the major concern for health and environmental organizations. These compounds have the ability to interact with mammalian endocrine system and disrupting their functions. The traditional activated sludge processes are designed to degrade solids, organic carbon and nitrogen loading. Although several treatment steps in a wastewater treatment plant can contribute to partial removal of EDCs, effective removal has been a challenge due to their resistant chemical and biological degradation and extreme low concentrations. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in this study is novella better water reclamation technology that shows several advantages including stable operation conditions due to long solid retention time (SRT); concentrated mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS); and low F/M ration in comparison with conventional wastewater treatment. This research will utilize these advanced membrane technologies to develop wastewater treatment processes for removal of EDCs in order to recover and reuse wastewater to augment drinking water supplies. A set of model EDCs including acetaminophen, amoxicillin, atrazine, estrone, and triclosan were selected to study the removal by membrane bioreactor. Those compounds were chosen based on their concentrations present in Oklahoma and Arkansas wastewater and to represent each group of compounds. Optimized HPLC method was used for detection of these model compounds. A Lab-scale MBR operated with real wastewater was tested under different operating conditions, such as retention time and volatile suspended solids concentrations to remove the spiked EDCs. The module MBR can reach desired chemical oxygen demand COD (

Following the success of the first edition, this pioneering study of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been updated and greatly extended. It includes the status of research on pharmaceuticals in soil, with attention to terrestrial and aquatic environments as well as new substance categories such as tetracylines and chinolones and the latest results concerning contamination of the environment and risk reduction.

The observed concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in raw wastewater confirm that municipal wastewater represents the main disposal pathway for the PPCPs consumed in households, hospitals and industry. In sewage treatment plant effluents most PPCPs are still present, since many of these polar and persistent compounds are being removed only partially or, in some cases, not at all. Treated wastewater therefore represents an important point source for PPCPs into the environment. After passing a sewage treatment plant the treated wastewater is mostly discharged into rivers and streams or sometimes used to irrigate fields. If drinking water is produced using resources containing a substantial proportion of treated wastewater (e.g. from river water downstream of communities) the water cycle is closed and indirect potable reuse occurs. Human Pharmaceuticals, Hormones and Fragrances provides an overview of the occurrence, analytics, removal and environmental risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater, surface water and drinking water. The book covers all aspects of the fate and removal of PPCPs in the whole water cycle: consumption and occurrence, analytical methods, the legal background, environmental risk assessment, human and animal toxicology, source control options, wastewater and drinking water treatment as well as indirect reuse. The book presents a summary of the results obtained during the EU project "Poseidon", combined with further expert knowledge on the field, and is written at a level appropriate for professionals involved in management of water resource quality. Professionals in the field including decision makers, engineers and scientists, as well as students entering the field, will find this an invaluable source of information. First comprehensive study on the assessment, fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater and drinking water treatment. Emphasises the importance of micropollutants in the water cycle, provides methods for quantifying their fate and technologies for their removal.

This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations. After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot- and full-scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment. A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.