Recurrent Neural Networks For Prediction

New technologies in engineering, physics and biomedicine are demanding increasingly complex methods of digital signal processing. By presenting the latest research work the authors demonstrate how real-time recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can be implemented to expand the range of traditional signal processing techniques and to help combat the problem of prediction. Within this text neural networks are considered as massively interconnected nonlinear adaptive filters.? Analyses the relationships between RNNs and various nonlinear models and filters, and introduces spatio-temporal architectur.

The key component in forecasting demand and consumption of resources in a supply network is an accurate prediction of real-valued time series. Indeed, both service interruptions and resource waste can be reduced with the implementation of an effective forecasting system. Significant research has thus been devoted to the design and development of methodologies for short term load forecasting over the past decades. A class of mathematical models, called Recurrent Neural Networks, are nowadays gaining renewed interest among researchers and they are replacing many practical implementations of the forecasting systems, previously based on static methods. Despite the undeniable expressive power of these architectures, their recurrent nature complicates their understanding and poses challenges in the training procedures. Recently, new important families of recurrent architectures have emerged and their applicability in the context of load forecasting has not been investigated completely yet. This work performs a comparative study on the problem of Short-Term Load Forecast, by using different classes of state-of-the-art Recurrent Neural Networks. The authors test the reviewed models first on controlled synthetic tasks and then on different real datasets, covering important practical cases of study. The text also provides a general overview of the most important architectures and defines guidelines for configuring the recurrent networks to predict real-valued time series.

The text discusses recurrent neural networks for prediction and offers new insights into the learning algorithms, architectures, and stability of recurrent neural networks. It discusses important topics including recurrent and folding networks, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, gated recurrent unit neural networks, language modeling, neural network model, activation function, feed-forward network, learning algorithm, neural turning machines, and approximation ability. The text discusses diverse applications in areas including air pollutant modeling and prediction, attractor discovery and chaos, ECG signal processing, and speech processing. Case studies are interspersed throughout the book for better understanding. FEATURES Covers computational analysis and understanding of natural languages Discusses applications of recurrent neural network in e-Healthcare Provides case studies in every chapter with respect to real-world scenarios Examines open issues with natural language, health care, multimedia (Audio/Video), transportation, stock market, and logistics The text is primarily written for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and industry professionals in the fields of electrical, electronics and communication, and computer engineering/information technology.

Deep learning methods offer a lot of promise for time series forecasting, such as the automatic learning of temporal dependence and the automatic handling of temporal structures like trends and seasonality. With clear explanations, standard Python libraries, and step-by-step tutorial lessons you’ll discover how to develop deep learning models for your own time series forecasting projects.

Supervised sequence labelling is a vital area of machine learning, encompassing tasks such as speech, handwriting and gesture recognition, protein secondary structure prediction and part-of-speech tagging. Recurrent neural networks are powerful sequence learning tools—robust to input noise and distortion, able to exploit long-range contextual information—that would seem ideally suited to such problems. However their role in large-scale sequence labelling systems has so far been auxiliary. The goal of this book is a complete framework for classifying and transcribing sequential data with recurrent neural networks only. Three main innovations are introduced in order to realise this goal. Firstly, the connectionist temporal classification output layer allows the framework to be trained with unsegmented target sequences, such as phoneme-level speech transcriptions; this is in contrast to previous connectionist approaches, which were dependent on error-prone prior segmentation. Secondly, multidimensional recurrent neural networks extend the framework in a natural way to data with more than one spatio-temporal dimension, such as images and videos. Thirdly, the use of hierarchical subsampling makes it feasible to apply the framework to very large or high resolution sequences, such as raw audio or video. Experimental validation is provided by state-of-the-art results in speech and handwriting recognition.

The Long Short-Term Memory network, or LSTM for short, is a type of recurrent neural network that achieves state-of-the-art results on challenging prediction problems. In this laser-focused Ebook, finally cut through the math, research papers and patchwork descriptions about LSTMs. Using clear explanations, standard Python libraries and step-by-step tutorial lessons you will discover what LSTMs are, and how to develop a suite of LSTM models to get the most out of the method on your sequence prediction problems.

Explore the infinite possibilities offered by Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks KEY FEATURES ● Covers numerous concepts, techniques, best practices and troubleshooting tips by community experts. ● Includes practical demonstration of robust deep learning prediction models with exciting use-cases. ● Covers the use of the most powerful research toolkit such as Python, PyTorch, and Neural Network Intelligence. DESCRIPTION This book is amid at teaching the readers how to apply the deep learning techniques to the time series forecasting challenges and how to build prediction models using PyTorch. The readers will learn the fundamentals of PyTorch in the early stages of the book. Next, the time series forecasting is covered in greater depth after the programme has been developed. You will try to use machine learning to identify the patterns that can help us forecast the future results. It covers methodologies such as Recurrent Neural Network, Encoder-decoder model, and Temporal Convolutional Network, all of which are state-of-the-art neural network architectures. Furthermore, for good measure, we have also introduced the neural architecture search, which automates searching for an ideal neural network design for a certain task. Finally by the end of the book, readers would be able to solve complex real-world prediction issues by applying the models and strategies learnt throughout the course of the book. This book also offers another great way of mastering deep learning and its various techniques. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Work with the Encoder-Decoder concept and Temporal Convolutional Network mechanics. ● Learn the basics of neural architecture search with Neural Network Intelligence. ● Combine standard statistical analysis methods with deep learning approaches. ● Automate the search for optimal predictive architecture. ● Design your custom neural network architecture for specific tasks. ● Apply predictive models to real-world problems of forecasting stock quotes, weather, and natural processes. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is written for engineers, data scientists, and stock traders who want to build time series forecasting programs using deep learning. Possessing some familiarity of Python is sufficient, while a basic understanding of machine learning is desirable but not needed. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Time Series Problems and Challenges 2. Deep Learning with PyTorch 3. Time Series as Deep Learning Problem 4. Recurrent Neural Networks 5. Advanced Forecasting Models 6. PyTorch Model Tuning with Neural Network Intelligence 7. Applying Deep Learning to Real-world Forecasting Problems 8. PyTorch Forecasting Package 9. What is Next?

This textbook provides a compact but comprehensive treatment that provides analytical and design steps to recurrent neural networks from scratch. It provides a treatment of the general recurrent neural networks with principled methods for training that render the (generalized) backpropagation through time (BPTT). This author focuses on the basics and nuances of recurrent neural networks, providing technical and principled treatment of the subject, with a view toward using coding and deep learning computational frameworks, e.g., Python and Tensorflow-Keras. Recurrent neural networks are treated holistically from simple to gated architectures, adopting the technical machinery of adaptive non-convex optimization with dynamic constraints to leverage its systematic power in organizing the learning and training processes. This permits the flow of concepts and techniques that provide grounded support for design and training choices. The author’s approach enables strategic co-training of output layers, using supervised learning, and hidden layers, using unsupervised learning, to generate more efficient internal representations and accuracy performance. As a result, readers will be enabled to create designs tailoring proficient procedures for recurrent neural networks in their targeted applications.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in applying neural networks to dynamic systems identification (modelling), prediction and control. Neural networks are computing systems characterised by the ability to learn from examples rather than having to be programmed in a conventional sense. Their use enables the behaviour of complex systems to be modelled and predicted and accurate control to be achieved through training, without a priori information about the systems' structures or parameters. This book describes examples of applications of neural networks In modelling, prediction and control. The topics covered include identification of general linear and non-linear processes, forecasting of river levels, stock market prices and currency exchange rates, and control of a time-delayed plant and a two-joint robot. These applications employ the major types of neural networks and learning algorithms. The neural network types considered in detail are the muhilayer perceptron (MLP), the Elman and Jordan networks and the Group-Method-of-Data-Handling (GMDH) network. In addition, cerebellar-model-articulation-controller (CMAC) networks and neuromorphic fuzzy logic systems are also presented. The main learning algorithm adopted in the applications is the standard backpropagation (BP) algorithm. Widrow-Hoff learning, dynamic BP and evolutionary learning are also described.