Recent Advances In Carbohydrate Bioengineering

Carbohydrate bioengineering is a rapidly expanding field with many applications in medicine and industry. Presenting state-of-the-art research, Carbohydrate Bioengineering: Interdisciplinary Approaches brings together international experts on many different aspects of this burgeoning topic. Coverage includes: the engineering of glycosidases for constructive purposes; structure-function studies and protein engineering of carbohydrate-active enzymes; chemo-enzymatic carbohydrate synthesis; and trends emerging from comprehensive work on genomes and glycomes. This timely publication will be welcomed by all those needing access to the latest research in the field, including practitioners in the medicinal, chemical, food and pharmaceutical areas.

Presents 32 papers originating from the lectures given at the April 1999 meeting. The papers examine the use of the catalytic, structural, and biological roles of carbohydrate modifying enzymes in the pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industries. Important topics discussed include a glycosidase-catalyzed approach to oligosaccharide synthesis, the biochemistry of the enzymes, the solving of the three dimensional structures of glycoside hydrolases and transferases, the field of non-catalytic polysaccharide binding modules, and the use of enzymes in the generation of industrially useful saccharides.

The Carbohydrate Bioengineering Meeting held in Elsinore, Denmark, April 23-26, 1995, gathered 230 scientists, mostly from Europe, with interest in carbohydrate analysis and structure; carbohydrates in medicine and glycopathology; structure, function, application, and protein engineering of carbohydrate active enzymes; oligo- and polysaccharides of industrial interest; and production of carbohydrate containing new materials. The first chapters address glycoconjugates as modulatory and recognition molecules, structure determination using NMR and mass spectrometry, and microdialysis-chip enzyme-based sensors. Active site mutations coupled with crystal structures and synthetic substrate analogue interactions as well as new three-dimensional structures and binding domains for biotechnological applications are included in the chapters. Carbohydrate active enzymes turned out to be a predominant topic. The rapid development in glycobiology and glycotechnology has resulted in an enormous increase in our knowledge on the structure conversion, and application of carbohydrates in industry and medicine.

This book describes the recent developments in enzymology in carbohydrate engineering based on modern sciences and technology, collected from recent symposia on agricultural biotechnology. It builds a bridge between basic knowledge and biotechnology in the field of carbohydrate chemistry and enzymology. The fundamental research and application of carbohydrate enzymes to agricultural biotechnology, concentrating on the structures and biochemical properties of various enzymes, and their production and application in plant and food is extensively described. This book will provide the reader with the most up-to-date information on development of enzymology in carbohydrate engineering.

Carbohydrates (monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) exist naturally in free from and as components of other macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids). Glycotherapy refers to this use of carbohydrates or glycoengineered macromolecules in fighting life-threatening diseases. Although glycotherapy is a relatively new and limited field of pharmacology, significant progress has been made in recent years in academia and the pharmaceutical industry facilitated by advances in enzymology and recombinant DNA technologies. Consequently, carbohydrate containing biologics are now used in therapeutic regimens. This volume provides a summary of the progress made in developing therapeutic solutions using glycoengineering techniques. Topics covered in this volume include the development of vaccines and antibodies against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens for cancer treatment, the use of glycan for viral inhibition, glycoPEGylation, hyaluronic acid conjugation, and protein modification and conjugation for increasing therapeutic index using recombinant and chemoenzymatic approaches. The volume is essential reading for biochemists, pharmacologists and R&D professionals interested in glycotherapy.

Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Glycans and Glycoconjugates covers biomedically relevant bacterial cell wall carbohydrates including recent findings on biosynthetic aspects, advances in the chemical assembly of bacterial lipopolysaccharide fragments and teichoic acids, and modern NMR approaches to unravel structural details. The first part introduces and provides the relevant background for synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. The second section focuses on synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines of therapeutic potential that are licensed or under development. This second volume of Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Chemistry is ideal for researchers working as synthetic organic chemists, as well as those interested in glycoconjugation, protein chemists, immunologists, and microbiologists, in academia as well as in industry. Highlights important features of bacterial glycoproteins Illustrates modern chemical synthesis and structural analysis of bacterial glycans Demonstrates the importance of carbohydrate chemistry for the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides and teichoic acid Covers recent findings on glycan ligation Gives an overview of the most recent developments on carbohydrate-based vaccines

This book reviews the latest trends in glycobiotechnology, it offers an authoritative discussion about future directions of glycoengineering, and it provides a comprehensive overview about the current and emerging approaches to identify, quantify and characterize glycosylated proteins. Divided into 14 chapters, the book outlines recombinant glycoprotein expression in mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, and bacterial systems. It covers the chemical and enzymatic syntheses of glycans and glyconjugates, and addresses the impact of glycosylation on protein function for the development of biologicals including vaccines. In the final chapters of the book, readers will discover more about the state-of-the-art in glycomics, glycoproteomics and glycan array technologies.

This book focuses on the latest research and new techniques in the field of functional carbohydrate-related enzymes. Carbohydrates are a key form of energy for most organisms. The “good” carbohydrates generally refer to functional carbohydrates. In addition to the low or moderate energy-supplying function, they have more nutritious value than traditional carbohydrates and some of them also have health-promoting effects especially prebiotic actions. Several enzymatic methods for the synthesis of such carbohydrates have been discovered and developed in the recent decades, providing a new range of application areas for these novel enzymes. This book addresses the classification of functional carbohydrate-related enzymes and the overall development in food enzyme in Chapter 1. Chapters 2-5 describe the isomerases or epimerases involved in the production of rare sugars, such as D-allulose, D-mannose, D-tagatose, and D-allose. While the studies of the enzymes related to fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) dominate the scientific literature in the field of enzymatic production of health-functional oligosaccharides, some enzymes also show promise for the emerging oligosaccharide production, which are introduced in Chapters 6-8. Chapters 9-12 summarize the new enzymatic technologies and applications in fructan- and glycan-related industries. The last Chapter gives an overall prospective on the trends of enzymatic functional carbohydrate production. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in the fields of biotechnology, enzyme engineering, and carbohydrate production, as well as the health industry.

Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides presents a comprehensive, systematic and authoritative survey of information about a family of chemically related, but functionally diverse, naturally occurring polysaccharides--the (1-3)-glucans. International contributors describe the chemical and physicochemical properties of these glucans and their derivatives and the molecular biological and structural aspects of the enzymes involved in their formation and breakdown. A detailed analysis of their physiological roles in the various biological situations in which they are found will be provided. Additionally, evolutionary relationships among the family of these glucans will be described. Topics of medical relevance include detailing the glucans' interactions with the immune system and research for cancer therapy applications Web resource links allow scientists to explore additional beta glucan research Separate indexes divided into Species and Subject for enhanced searchability