Public Private Partnership Monitor

The Government of Pakistan strongly supports public–private partnership (PPP) initiatives. From 1990 to 2019, Pakistan witnessed 108 financially closed PPP projects, with a total investment of approximately $28.4 billion. About 88% of these projects are in the energy sector, attracting more than $24.7billion, followed by investments in the port sector. In early 2021, Parliament approved the amendments to the 2017 PPP Law, enacting the Public Private Partnership Authority (Amendment) Act 2021. This further strengthens the enabling legal and regulatory framework for developing and implementing PPPs, thereby promoting private sector investment in public infrastructure and related services.

This publication presents a detailed overview of the current state of the public–private partnership (PPP) environment in the Philippines. In over three decades, the country developed a robust public–private partnership (PPP) enabling framework through the Build-Operate-Transfer Law of 2012 and the PPP Center. Among developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines has a relatively mature market that has witnessed 116 financially closed PPPs. Under the government’s 2017–2022 Development Plan that has an infrastructure investment target of $180 billion, PPPs are expected to play a pivotal role in financing national and subnational infrastructure investments. With a pipeline of 37 PPPs, the government is taking various steps to further improve the environment for PPPs.

The fi rst edition of the Public-Private Partnership Monitor tracks the development of the public-private partnership (PPP) business environment and the challenges of doing PPPs in nine of the Asian Development Bank's developing member countries (DMCs): Bangladesh, the People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It is divided into four main categories: Regulatory Framework, Institutional Capacity for Implementation, PPP Market Maturity, and Financial Facilities. The publication aims to increase the level and quality of private sector participation in infrastructure in the DMCs by serving as an active platform for dialogue between the public and private sectors.

The Government of Kazakhstan considers public-private partnership (PPP) as an important source of infrastructure funding and service delivery; thus, it continues to improve the legal mechanisms of PPP, develop its institutional setup, and structure pilot projects. PPP has been employed at the central and local government levels to deliver economic and social infrastructure including education, healthcare, transport, power, housing, and public utilities. However, many of these projects are small-scale and short-term. Kazakhstan has adopted the Law on Concessions defining the concept of PPP and a separate PPP Law. The government has established a two-tier institutional structure to support the deployment of PPPs—on the national and the regional level. The most prominent of them are the PPP Center, acting as the adviser to the government, Turar Healthcare and Financial Center, assisting with project development.

This publication provides a snapshot of the overall public–private partnership (PPP) landscape in Indonesia. It includes more than 500 qualitative and quantitative indicators to profile the national PPP environment, the sector-specific PPP landscape (for eight identified infrastructure sectors), and the PPP landscape for local government projects. This downloadable guide also captures the critical macroeconomic and infrastructure sector indicators (including the Ease of Doing Business scores) from globally accepted sources. Through Presidential Regulation 38/2015, the cornerstone of the country’s robust PPP enabling framework, Indonesia expects PPPs to continue playing a pivotal role to achieve its infrastructure investment target of $429 billion for 2020–2024 and mobilize 59% of this value from the private sector.

Investment in infrastructure can be a driving force of the economic recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of shrinking fiscal space. Public-private partnerships (PPP) bring a promise of efficiency when carefully designed and managed, to avoid creating unnecessary fiscal risks. But fiscal illusions prevent an understanding the sources of fiscal risks, which arise in all infrastructure projects, and that in PPPs present specific characteristics that need to be addressed. PPP contracts are also affected by implicit fiscal risks when they are poorly designed, particularly when a government signs a PPP contract for a project with no financial sustainability. This paper reviews the advantages and inconveniences of PPPs, discusses the fiscal illusions affecting them, identifies a diversity of fiscal risks, and presents the essentials of PPP fiscal risk management.

This guide contains a detailed overview of Indonesia's public-private partnership (PPP) landscape, with more than 500 qualitative and quantitative indicators for national, sector-specific, and local projects in the country. Through Presidential Regulation 38/2015, the cornerstone of Indonesia's robust PPP enabling framework, PPPs are expected to continue playing a pivotal role in achieving the country's infrastructure investment target of $429 billion for 2020-2024 and mobilizing 59% of this value from the private sector. This downloadable guide captures Indonesia's critical macroeconomic and infrastructure sector indicators (including the Ease of Doing Business scores) from globally accepted sources.

This book argues that despite the hype within many policy circles, there is actually very little evidence to support the presumed benefits of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in reducing poverty and addressing inequalities in the provision of and access to public services. Taking a cross-sectoral comparative approach, this book investigates how PPPs have played out in practice, and what the implications have been for inequalities. Drawing on a range of empirical case studies in education, healthcare, housing and water, the book picks apart the roles of PPPs as financing mechanisms in several international and national contexts and considers the similarities and differences between sectors. The global COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant questions about the future of social provision and through its analysis of the emergence and expansion of the role of PPPs, the book also makes a vital contribution to current discussion over this rapidly changing landscape. Overall, this wide-ranging guide to understanding and evaluating the role of PPPs in the Global South will be useful to researchers within development, international relations, economics, and related fields, as well as to policy makers and practitioners working in development-related policy.