Process Analyzer Technology

Updated version of the Handbook of Process Stream Analysis (1973), with several new chapters and reorganization of others. Provides a practical, in-depth treatment of the chemistry and instrumentation involved with analyzer technology. Supplies complete data on design, installation, and maintenance of analytic instruments for a variety of on-line operations with the aim of effecting savings in production, product giveaway, operating manpower and energy conservation. Gives background and fundamentals.

"Sampling systems are one part chemistry, one part engineering (electrical, chemical, mechanical, civil, and maybe even software). No one person possesses all of the knowledge required. Bob (Sherman) comes as close as anyone." -John A. Crandall, V.P. Sales Americas, ABB Process Analytics This resource provides both novice and experienced technologist with the technical background necessary to choose sample conditioning system components that will allow the process analyzer system to function reliably with minimal maintenance. The conditioned process sample presented to the process analyzer should be of similar quality to the calibration material used to zero and span the analyzer. Filling a long-standing void in the process field, this book addresses the system concept of Process Analyzer Sample-Conditioning Technology in light of the critical importance of delivering a representative sample of the process stream to the process analyzer. Offering detailed descriptions of the equipment necessary to prepare process samples, and listings of two or more vendors (when available) for equipment reviewed, Process Analyzer Sample-Conditioning System Technology discusses: * The importance of a "truly representative sample" * Sample probes, transfer lines, coolers, and pumps * Sample transfer flow calculations for sizing of lines and system components * Particulate filters, gas-liquid and liquid-liquid separation devices * Sample pressure measurement and control * Enclosures and walk-in shelters, their electrical hazard ratings and climate control systems With extensive system and component examples-including what worked and what didn't-Process Analyzer Sample-Conditioning System Technology gives the new technologist a basic source of design parameters and performance-proven components as well as providing the experienced professional with a valuable reference resource to complement his or her experience.

Many process analyzer system projects encounter preventable difficulties during the project development, engineering and design, procurement, construction, closeout, and sustain phases. Most control systems and process analyzer systems engineers have encountered communications breakdowns, task difficulties, and other obstacles on at least one project. A principle objective of the analyzer-system project engineering and management ideas in this book is to minimize or eliminate such occurrences. This book provides analyzer and control systems engineers, and other project team members, with ways to recognize project risks, and with project engineering and management methods for smoothly executing analyzer systems projects by avoiding risks and addressing them as quickly and cost effectively as possible. Included are specific recommendations and ideas for defining hardware and documentation deliverables with emphasis on adhering to procurement policy, working with team members in other disciplines and in the supply chain, and communicating among teams. Many methods presented here can be modified to meet specific project needs and applied to any discipline or type of equipment scoped in large or small, capital or maintenance, projects.

This treatment of process analytical technology, by a distinguished array of experts, chronicles over 50 years of process analyzer development - from its origin in the research laboratory at Ludwigshafen in the late 1930's to a dynamic worldwide technology in the early 1990s. Offering some theory and a lot of real-world, hands-on experience, this book is designed for field analyzer technicians, newly graduated engineers-in-training, and knowledgeable manufacturers application personnel. Included are drawings of sample systems that work and comments on ones that don't work. In addition, justifications and organization guidelines on process analyzer systems are presented. The volume describes analyzers from the systems side looking at implementation issues including justification, purchasing, training and validation. Specific analyzer types and the fundamentals of application for a variety of situations are explored.Contents: Introduction to This Technology Typical Analyzer Application Justifications Interfacing Analyzers With Systems Specification and Purchasing of Analyzers Calibration Considerations Training Aspects SPC/SQC for Analyzers Personnel and Organizational Issues Validation of Process Analyzers Sample Conditioning Systems Component Specific Analyzers Electrochemical Analyzers Compositional Analyzers Spectroscopic Analyzers Physical Property.

A practical manual for the design, implementation, and maintenance of on-line process analyzers. This plant-level, problem-solving book covers every step of the instrumentation process--selection of components, design and engineering of analyzers, installation of the instrumentation, and operation and maintenance of the system. Describes the fundamental analytical methods most often used in chemical and related manufacturing industries, the common derived methods, sample systems, and the practicalities of project management for analyzer design and implementation. Chapters are independent--each system can be studied alone, making this manual handy for diverse applications.

Models offer benefits even before they are put on line. Based on years of experience, the authors reveal in New Directions in Bioprocess Modeling and Control that significant improvements can result from the process knowledge and insight that are gained when building experimental and first-principle models for process monitoring and control. Doing modeling in the process development and early commercialization phases is advantageous because it increases process efficiency and provides ongoing opportunities for improving process control. This technology is important for maximizing benefits from analyzers and control tool investments. If you are a process design, quality control, information systems, or automation engineer in the biopharmaceutical, brewing, or bio-fuel industry, this handy resource will help you define, develop, and apply a virtual plant, model predictive control, first-principle models, neural networks, and multivariate statistical process control. The synergistic knowledge discovery on bench top or pilot plant scale can be ported to industrial scale processes. This learning process is consistent with the intent in the Process Analyzer and Process Control Tools sections of the FDA_s Guidance for Industry PAT _ A Framework for Innovative Pharmaceutical Development, Manufacturing and Quality Assurance. It states in the Process Analyzer section of the FDA_s guidance: _For certain applications, sensor-based measurements can provide a useful process signature that may be related to the underlying process steps or transformations. Based on the level of process understanding these signatures may also be useful for the process monitoring, control, and end point determination when these patterns or signatures relate to product and process quality._

Process Analytical Technology explores the concepts of PAT and its application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry from the point of view of the analytical chemist. In this new edition all of the original chapters have been updated and revised, and new chapters covering the important topics of sampling, NMR, fluorescence, and acoustic chemometrics have been added. Coverage includes: Implementation of Process Analytical Technologies UV-Visible Spectroscopy for On-line Analysis Infrared Spectroscopy for Process Analytical Applications Process Raman Spectroscopy Process NMR Spectrscopy: Technology and On-line Applications Fluorescent Sensing and Process Analytical Applications Chemometrics in Process Analytical Technology (PAT) On-Line PAT Applications of Spectroscopy in the Pharmaceutical Industry Future Trends for PAT for Increased Process Understanding and Growing Applications in Biomanufacturing NIR Chemical Imaging This volume is an important starting point for anyone wanting to implement PAT and is intended not only to assist a newcomer to the field but also to provide up-to-date information for those who practice process analytical chemistry and PAT. It is relevant for chemists, chemical and process engineers, and analytical chemists working on process development, scale-up and production in the pharmaceutical, fine and specialty chemicals industries, as well as for academic chemistry, chemical engineering, chemometrics and pharmaceutical science research groups focussing on PAT. Review from the First Edition “The book provides an excellent first port of call for anyone seeking material and discussions to understand the area better. It deserves to be found in every library that serves those who are active in the field of Process Analytical Technology.”—Current Engineering Practice

Analytical Instrumentation examines analyzers for detecting pollutants and other hazardous matter, including carbon monoxide, chlorine, fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, mercury, and phosphorous. Also covers selection, application, and sampling procedures.