Practical Aspects Of Finite Element Modelling Of Polymer Processing

Authored by a respected scientist with a growing international reputation this is a self-contained text that can be used by the beginners and the experts alike, to study the basic aspects of finite element modelling. It provides a sound physical understanding of the basis on which mathematical models of polymer processes are built. * Written from a chemical engineering rather then a mathematical perspective it enables the reader to get up to speed in a relatively short time * Provides the 'parts and tools' required to assemble finite element models, applicable to situations that arise under realistic conditions * Discusses and compares specific finite element schemes that provide the most reliable and robust numerical solution procedures for polymer processing models * Practical examples give a wide ranging view of the application of finite element analysis to industrial problems * Describes non-Newtonian fluid mechanics equations in a self-contained, concise and clear manner * Includes clear and simple readily compiled code to model simple problems that can be extended to solve more complex polymer processing problems This book makes the subject accessible to a wide audience ranging from senior under-graduate to post-graduate engineering students, as well as, researchers and practising engineers involved in polymer industry.

The unique properties of elastomeric materials offer numerous advantages in many engineering applications. Elastomeric units are used as couplings or mountings between rigid components, for example in shock absorbers, vibration insulators, flexible joints, seals and suspensions, etc. However, the complicated nature of the behaviour of such material makes it difficult to accurately predict the performance of these units using finite element modelling, for example. It is imperative that constitutive models accurately capture relevant aspects of mechanical behaviour. The latest developments concerning constitutive modelling of rubber is collected in these Proceedings. Topics included in this volume are, Hyperelastic models, Strength, fracture & fatigue, Dynamic properties & the Fletcher-Gent effect, Micro-mechanical & statistical approaches, Stress softening, iscoelasticity, Filler reinforcement, and Tyres, fibre & cord reinforced rubber.

Complex multiscale systems such as combined free or porous flow regimes and transport processes governed by combined diffusion, convection and reaction mechanisms, which cannot be readily modeled using traditional methods, can be solved by multiscale or stabilized finite element schemes. Due to the importance of the described multiscale processes in applications such as separation processes, reaction engineering and environmental systems analysis, a sound knowledge of such methods is essential for many researchers and design engineers who wish to develop reliable solutions for industrially relevant problems. The main scope of this book is to provide an authoritative description of recent developments in the field of finite element analysis, with a particular emphasis on the multiscale finite element modeling of transport phenomena and flow problem.

This book provides concise, up-to-date and easy-to-follow information on an increasingly important area of hydro-environmental analysis and management. It covers important aspects of both surface and subsurface water quality management, as they are inseparable components of aquifers and the flow in physical domains occur in combination with the other. However, the main emphasis of the book is on the practical development and application of computer based algorithms, via appropriate schemes, to realistic problems. Mathematical theories are not discussed as they can be found in many expert books. All sections of the book include detailed descriptions of practical examples. It also, uniquely, gives explanations regarding the formulation of practical management schedules and tools for hydro-environmental systems. There is a lack of books dealing with the practical aspects of the application of computer modelling techniques to complex hydrodynamical phenomena, and this book has been written for professionals and researchers, especially those who are not trained mathematicians who, nevertheless, need to make managerial decisions. Computational Methods in the Management of Hydro-Environmental Systems will be an invaluable source of information for post-graduate level researchers and decision-makers who need to apply numerical modelling techniques to investigate hydrodynamic phenomena and pollutants dispersion in natural aquatic systems. Professionals and engineers, who now need to gain insights about the working of computer techniques for choosing appropriate schemes and applying them to realistic problems, will also value this work. Masters' level and final-year graduate students are also expected to benefit from the book.

Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy.

This key text is written for senior undergraduate and graduate engineering students. It delivers a complete introduction to finite element methods and to automatic adaptation (error estimation) that will enable students to understand and use FEA as a true engineering tool. It has been specifically developed to be accessible to non-mathematics students and provides the only complete text for FEA with error estimators for non-mathematicians. Error estimation is taught on nearly half of all FEM courses for engineers at senior undergraduate and postgraduate level; no other existing textbook for this market covers this topic. The only introductory FEA text with error estimation for students of engineering, scientific computing and applied mathematics Includes source code for creating and proving FEA error estimators

Heterophase polymerization is a century-old technology with a wide range of relevant industrial applications, including coatings, adhesives, rubbers, and many other specialized biomedical and high-performance materials. However, due to its multiscale complexity, it still remains a challenging research topic. It is a broad field covering all heterogeneous polymerization processes that result in polymer dispersions. Its technical realizations comprise emulsion polymerization, dispersion polymerization, suspension polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization, microemulsion polymerization, and others. This book is devoted to the science and technology of heterophase polymerization, considering it a generic term as well as an umbrella expression for all of its technical realizations. It presents, from a modern perspective, the basic concepts and principles required to understand the kinetics and thermodynamics of heterophase polymerization at the atomistic, molecular, macromolecular, supramolecular, colloidal, microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. It critically discusses the important physicochemical mechanisms involved in heterophase polymerization, such as nucleation, particle aggregation, mass transfer, swelling, spontaneous emulsification, and polymerization kinetics, along with the experimental evidences at hand.

Rheology is a component of Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty Encyclopedias. Rheology is the study of the flow of matter. It is classified as a physics discipline and focuses on substances that do not maintain a constant viscosity or state of flow. That can involve liquids, soft solids and solids that are under conditions that cause them to flow. It applies to substances which have a complex molecular structure, such as muds, sludges, suspensions, polymers and other glass formers, as well as many foods and additives, bodily fluids and other biological materials. The theme on Rheology focuses on five main areas, namely, basic concepts of rheology; rheometry; rheological materials, rheological processes and theoretical rheology. Of course, many of the chapters contain material from more than one general area. Rheology is an interdisciplinary subject which embraces many aspects of mathematics, physics, chemistry, engineering and biology. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.