Phosphate Glasses Correlation Between Structure And Chemical Durability

This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.

"This dissertation focuses on the properties and structures of ternary zinc phosphate glasses that have recently been investigated as substrates for femto-second (fs) laser writing. Although these glasses have potential for use as optical substrates, their poor chemical properties limit their applications. In this work, ternary zinc phosphate glasses were studied to find compositions with enhanced chemical durability and the properties and structures of the investigated glasses are reported. Paper 1 and Paper 2 include the first systematic studies of the properties, structures of zinc aluminophosphate (ZAP) glasses and phase relationships in the ZnO-Al2O3-P2O5 system, respectively. Adding alumina to a Zn-metaphosphate glass reduces dissolution rates in water by 4 orders of magnitude and increases the glass transition temperatures. The average Al coordination number can be predicted from a structural model that considers the number of non-bridging oxygens to coordinate metal cations, and this work is the first reported use of this model for a ternary phosphate glass. Paper 3 is the first systematic study of how the properties and structures of zinc magnesium polyphosphate glasses change when MgO replaces ZnO for compositions with fixed O/P ratios. The Mg2 and Zn2+ ions have similar field strengths, but have much different effects on glass properties that are discussed in terms of relative polarizabilities (refractivities) and electron configurations of the Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions. In Paper 4, the creation of electronic defects in zinc phosphate glasses by exposure to ultraviolet and x-ray radiation is described. The nature of the defects formed is dependent on the glass composition and similar defects are created when these glasses are exposed to femto-second laser radiation."--Abstract, page iv.

Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, Third Edition, is a comprehensive reference on the field of glass science and engineering that covers numerous, significant advances. This new edition includes the most recent advances in glass physics and chemistry, also discussing groundbreaking applications of glassy materials. It is suitable for upper level glass science courses and professional glass scientists and engineers at industrial and government labs. Fundamental concepts, chapter-ending problem sets, an emphasis on key ideas, and timely notes on suggested readings are all included. The book provides the breadth required of a comprehensive reference, offering coverage of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses. Clearly develops fundamental concepts and the basics of glass science and glass chemistry Provides a comprehensive discussion of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses Features a discussion of the emerging applications of glass, including applications in energy, environment, pharmaceuticals, and more Concludes chapters with problem sets and suggested readings to facilitate self-study

Glass Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications provides the latest information on a rapidly growing field of specialized materials, bringing light to new research findings that include a growing number of technologies and applications. With this growth, a new need for deep understanding of the synthesis methods, composite structure, processing and application of glass nanocomposites has emerged. In the book, world renowned experts in the field, Professors Karmakar, Rademann, and Stepanov, fill the knowledge gap, building a bridge between the areas of nanoscience, photonics, and glass technology. The book covers the fundamentals, synthesis, processing, material properties, structure property correlation, interpretation thereof, characterization, and a wide range of applications of glass nanocomposites in many different devices and branches of technology. Recent developments and future directions of all types of glass nanocomposites, such as metal-glasses (e.g., metal nanowire composites, nanoglass-mesoporous silica composites), semiconductor-glass and ceramic-glass nanocomposites, as well as oxide and non-oxide glasses, are also covered in great depth. Each chapter is logically structured in order to increase coherence, with each including question sets as exercises for a deeper understanding of the text. Provides comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge and literature review for both the oxide and non-oxide glass nanocomposites (i.e., practically all types of glass nanocomposites) Reviews a wide range of synthesis types, properties, characterization, and applications of diverse types of glass nanocomposites Presents future directions of glass nanocomposites for researchers and engineers, as well as question sets for use in university courses

This book addresses a diverse set of topics regarding phosphorus chemistry, namely phosphates and closely related chemical systems. Divided into two sections, chapters cover such topics as phosphate dynamics and phosphates in biomaterials. This volume is a useful reference for scholars and researchers and will inspire readers to make future discoveries in the field.

Inorganic glasses are successfully used in the biomedical field, in particular degradable glasses have found applications in tissue engineering, bone regeneration and tooth remineralisation. Silicate glasses are the most commonly used ones but phosphate and borate glasses are attracting more and more interest owing to their special properties, differing from those of silicate bio-glasses. Phosphate and borate glasses thus open up potential routes for new therapeutic applications. This book focuses on these emerging materials. Bridging the phosphate and borate glasses communities, this book provides a fundamental treatment of atomic structure and physicochemical properties before highlighting their current and potential future applications. Phosphate and borate glasses not only feature a broader range of glass formation than silicate glasses. Their ability to completely dissolve in water with the solubility varying over orders of magnitude with compositional changes, makes them exciting materials for delivering therapeutic agents into the human body. Biomaterials scientists working in glasses, hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will find this a must-have book to own, alongside their more traditional silicate glass tomes.