Pacific Basin Industries In Distress

Pacific Basin Industries in Distress

With the Taiwan experience as background, the major theme of this conference is to examine prospective economic development of Taiwan in the 1990s and beyond, together with discussions of the economic development of other countries in the Pacific Rim. Scholars from the United States like Lawrence R Klein (Pennsylvania), Gustav Ranis and John C H Fei (Yale), Lawrence J Lau (Stanford) and Hugh Patrick (Columbia); Chikashi Moriguchi, Mitsuo Saito, Shinichi Ichimura and Hisao Kanamori from Japan; and many others including Dr Samuel C Shieh, President of the Central Bank and Dr Shirley Kuo W Y, Chairperson of the Council for economy, contributed papers. Special guest speakers included President Lee Teng-Hui and Premier Hau Pei-Tsun.

Industrial restructuring has become a way of life, the inevitable accommodation to rapid changes in technology, to a global economy that affects large and small communities through the constant flow of goods and people, and to the challenging patterns of economic viability that alter that flow. Managing Decline examines the impact of coal mine closures in Yubari City, Hokkaido, once one of Japan's most prosperous coal-producing cities, and asks how Japanese culture has influenced the enactment of and response to industrial policy for restructuring in this community. For many years, coal formed the backbone of Japan's economic development, but the dangers and costs of mining became increasingly expensive for the industry and government. Global changes in coal production and exchange finally prompted Japan's decision in 1986 to shut down nearly all domestic coal mines in favor of coal imports. Japan's policy for industry restructuring has been applauded as one of the most comprehensive in addressing the needs of the industry, the workers, and the community. At the micro-level, however, the people in the community most affected by the policy decisions have been excluded from the process. Managing Decline reveals the stratified effects, as well as compensation, for the different groups in Yubari. Although the policy settlement package goes to the coal miners, community redevelopment ignores their needs, prompting them to leave the city and benefiting instead land owners and public employees. Revealed as well as the ways in which Japan's cultural values, particularly the vertical social structure as it affects decision making, status, occupations, and company organization, and the importance of maintaining the family system, figure in the policy process and its consequences. The author's research, based on two years' residence in Yubari during the last few years of the closures, makes an important contribution to community studies of social change in Japan. It is also the first field study to examine the effects of industrial policy for restructuring in Japan at the worker and community level.

The first comprehensive review of the past and present of a leading sector, the volume offers a new interpretation of society and market in South Korea.

Anthony Woodiwiss's pathbreaking book was the first substantive contribution to a sociology of human rights. In it, he takes up the question of whether so-called Asian values are compatible with human rights discourse and argues against human rights issues being the major obstacle to East-West co-operation. Dr Woodiwiss's sociological and post-structuralist approach to the concept of rights, and his incorporation of the transnational dimension into sociological theory, enable him to demonstrate how the global human rights regime can accommodate Asian patriarchalism, while Pacific Asia is itself adapting by means of what he calls 'enforceable benevolence'. His studies of Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore highlight similarities between Pacific-Asian and Western societies and offer a positive view of the social forces obtaining in these territories.

'This is a very good piece of research. As a book, it is important because it focuses on important conceptual and empirical issues, namely the role of government and industrial policy in promoting rapid economic growth; and particularly the case of Taiwan as an exemplar of rapid industrial development. The author convincingly refutes the view that sector-specific industrial policy was an important source of Taiwan's rapid industrial growth in the 1980s.' - Hugh T. Patrick, Columbia University, US 'Dr Smith takes Taiwan and Korea as case studies to address fundamental questions concerning the rapid growth and subsequent financial crisis in East Asia: * were the Taiwan and Korean governments interventionist in the 1980s? * did industry policy play a role in the financial crisis of 1997-1998? Heather Smith has put together a comprehensive discussion of strategic industry policy. She analyses at length the fascinating connection between the growth of the chaebol in Korea, its links to the government and to the financial sector, and the unravelling of the financial crisis in Korea. Her analysis throws light on the fundamental strength that Taiwan has shown throughout the crisis. These are fascinating and important questions vital to the economics profession and of interest to the enormous contingent of economic commentators following the East Asian crisis.' - Ron Duncan, Australian National University, Australia The growth in global competitiveness and interdependence has led to an increased interest in the role of industrial policy in achieving economic growth objectives. Heather Smith reignites the contentious debate of the role of the state using East Asian economic development in general with particular emphasis on Taiwan and Korea. Using quantitive techniques, the author analyses the view that industry policy interventions were a necessary factor explaining Taiwan's economic performance in the 1980s.

The author offers a brief history of globalization through the stories of the people and companies that built global supply chains. The two spheres - the private sector and government - did not go global in tandem, and many developments in one sphere were far more impactful in the other than imagined at the time. The book narrates the development of global supply chains in response to trends in both, telling stories ranging from a Prussian-born trader in New Jersey in the 1760s who dreamed of building a vertically-integrated metals empire, to new megaships too big to call on most of the world's ports leaving half empty, as globalization entered a new stage in its history around 2006. Bringing the story up to the early 2020s, the author illustrates how we're not experiencing the end of globalization, only its transformation. As one type of globalization is declining, a new one is on the rise. --

Most of Japan's leading textile firms date back to the turn of the century. Unlike many of their Western competitors, however, Japan's larger companies have survived the "decline" of a sector consumed by fierce international competition. Providing the fullest English-language account of Japanese textiles, Dennis L. McNamara explores the entire sweep of the industry, from factory to high-fashion brokerage to policymaking circle. Tracing the strategies by which the textile industry has survived, he provides a distinctive view of Japanese capitalism in a climate of change. McNamara reconstructs a world riven by the competing interests of state and capital, firm and industry, labor and management, mill and merchant. We encounter giant "mogul" companies and upstart independent "mavericks"—such firms as Toray, Toyobo, Itochu, Tsuzuki, Kondobo, Onward, and Renown—all hustling to restructure for survival. Drawing on extensive interview data as well as recent Japanese and English-language work in political economy and social anthropology, McNamara describes a dynamic of competition between moguls and mavericks in a turbulent business torn by divisions but bound together by compromise. He finds that, despite enormous international pressures, the industry has maintained much of its market share, largely because state bureaucrats and leaders of major firms have managed to create a cooperative politics of adjustment. A corporatist structuring of interests, he concludes, has helped to moderate decline and maintain stability, permitting survival among the moguls without preventing the successful participation of mavericks.

No detailed description available for "Restrained Trade".

As one Asian economic crisis follows another, sending shock waves through the global market, questions about the making and conduct of industrial policy in the East take on a special urgency. Observers are sharply divided as to whether the ubiquitous attempts at cooperation among competing firms in Asia have been a key to competitiveness or a corrosive form of collusion. This timely book offers a close look at the impact of industrial policies on collective action in East Asia—in Japan and Taiwan and, more briefly, in South Korea. Systematically comparative and based on interviews and original research in the local languages, it focuses on forms of collective action such as cartels, standardization, and research and development consortia in the consumer electronics and minimill steel industries. The book combines detailed case studies with analyses of the political, bureaucratic, and industrial environments in which policy is crafted. It also considers how these environments have evolved in the past decade as long-ruling conservative parties have been challenged in all three countries.Among the book's findings is a surprising disparity between the ways in which Japan and Taiwan have handled collective action policy, despite their many historical, demographic, and economic similarities. Collective Action in East Asia also brings to light unexpected inconsistencies in the effectiveness of Japanese policy, which frequently succeeds with R&D consortia but struggles with cartels. Studying both the rapid-growth period of the 1980s and the more recent economic slowdown in East Asia, this book provides crucial information for an understanding of today's global economy.