Offshore Wind Farms In The Southwestern Baltic Sea

This book provides the only compendium of the research efforts of the German Federal Republic for the development of offshore wind energy that summarizes the main findings of German accompanying research. The main objective of the book is to show the relevance of the new results and realizations of the research projects for the planning and permission process for offshore wind energy plants.

The potential for offshore wind power in the Baltic Sea is substantial. The competitiveness of offshore wind generation varies markedly across the Baltic Sea area, mainly due to wind conditions, connection costs and market values. Especially the southern part of the Baltic Sea shows attractive sites due to higher market values for offshore wind power generation. Thus, there is a scope for better utilization of the most attractive sites for offshore wind power through a cooperative, regional approach. The market and grid modelling show that offshore wind power in the best sites can be competitive already in 2030, and that offshore wind power can play a significant role in the transition of the Baltic Sea Energy system in accordance with the EU long-term decarbonisation strategy under the UN IPCC Paris Agreement. Cooperation on offshore wind power projects as cross-border renewable energy (RES) projects can realise substantial economic benefits through the achievement of renewable energy targets at lower cost. Additional benefits can be realised by integrating the cooperation on offshore wind power in regional grid planning. Substantial investments in onshore grids are expected to become necessary regardless of the development of the offshore wind power resources. By taking offshore wind power deployment into account early on in grid planning, substantial efficiency gains can be obtained. The development of advanced offshore hubs, connecting wind power to two or more Member States, could also be beneficial, and this option should be explored. Efficient regional deployment of Baltic Sea wind power resources requires that national administrative and regulatory barriers such as inefficient and non-transparent licencing procedures and the lack of or poor data for maritime spatial planning, are addressed. In addition, regional cooperative solutions on tendering and support mechanisms, on grid connection charges and cost sharing mechanisms, and on integrated regional grid planning, are important pre-requisites for harnessing the offshore wind power potential of the region. In order to achieve efficiency gains through coordination, a common long-term vision has to be agreed that can be used to identify crucial investments in generation and grid infrastructure, along with appropriate measures and incentives to realise them.

Das MINOS-Projekt untersucht, ob große Windkraftanlagen in der deutschen Nord- und Ostsee Schweinswale, Seehunde oder Meeresvögel beeinträchtigen oder gefährden. Das Buch soll die Ergebnisse darstellen und dabei einzelne Fragestellungen in Kapiteln und nicht nach den Teilprojekten betrachten. Die Vorstellung von Methoden und deren Diskussion soll nur insoweit erfolgen, wie sie für das Verständnis der Ergebnisse notwendig ist bzw. in den Projekten, in denen ein großer Schwerpunkt auf der Methodenentwicklung / deren Vergleich liegt. Die Themen werden in einer Kapitelfolge angeordnet, die von der groß- zur kleinskaligen Betrachtung reicht, sowohl in räumlicher als auch zeitlicher Dimension. Am Ende stehen die Ergebnisse zu den Auswirkungen am einzelnen Tier.

Based on a fifty-year study conducted by the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, this book brings together a comprehensive summary of their observations and findings. Written by well-known experts, this revealing book concentrates on long-term changes in the Baltic Sea?which can be extrapolated to shed light on the environmental problems of other shelf seas, brackish seas, and large estuaries?thereby contributing to our understanding of water exchange processes, eutrophication, and climatic impacts at the forefront of international concern.

Developments in Renewable Energies Offshore contains the papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW 2020, Lisbon, Portugal, 12 - 15 October 2020). The book covers a wide range of topics, including: resource assessment; wind energy; wave energy; tidal energy; ocean energy devices; multiuse platforms; PTO design; grid connection; economic assessment; materials and structural design; installation planning and maintenance planning. The book will be invaluable to professionals and academics involved or interested in Offshore Engineering, and Renewable and Wind Energy.

This new edition of Ocean has been updated with fresh graphics, images, and type styling throughout, and includes new coverage of major events such as Hurricane Sandy and the Japan tsunami. DK's Ocean is a highly illustrated encyclopedia of the marine environment. It not only covers marine life and physical oceanography, from the geology of the seafloor to the chemistry of seawater, but also includes an atlas of the world's oceans and seas compiled using satellite data. Visual catalogs throughout the book contain profiles of living organisms and key locations. With comprehensively updated text, artwork, and images, the second edition of DK's exhaustive guide to the underwater world is the most definitive visual guide to the world's oceans on the market.