Obesity Type 2 Diabetes And The Adipose Organ

This richly illustrated book provides a detailed description of the gross anatomy, light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy of the adipose organ, which comprises subcutaneous and visceral fat depots. Findings in mice of differing genetic backgrounds (obesity prone and resistant) and maintained in standard and various physiologic and pathologic conditions are presented. The latter conditions include chronic cold exposure, warm exposure, fasting, pregnancy-lactation, and obesity. Features of the fetal adipose organ are described in a separate chapter, and results from transgenic mice are also presented when relevant. The human adipose organ is addressed in several chapters that include magnetic resonance and fetal findings. Most of the results regarding the adipose organ anatomy in different physiologic conditions are new, and the story of pink adipocytes (white-to-pink transdifferentiation) is quite innovative. The concept of using browning of the adipose organ as a therapeutic tool for obesity must take into consideration the anatomic and morphologic aspects described here, and the study of pink adipocytes could lead to a better comprehension of breast cancer tumor biology. This book will be of interest to all scientists who deal with obesity and related disorders.

This richly illustrated book provides a detailed description of the gross anatomy, light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy of the adipose organ, which comprises subcutaneous and visceral fat depots. Findings in mice of differing genetic backgrounds (obesity prone and resistant) and maintained in standard and various physiologic and pathologic conditions are presented. The latter conditions include chronic cold exposure, warm exposure, fasting, pregnancy–lactation, and obesity. Features of the fetal adipose organ are described in a separate chapter, and results from transgenic mice are also presented when relevant. The human adipose organ is addressed in several chapters that include magnetic resonance and fetal findings. Most of the results regarding the adipose organ anatomy in different physiologic conditions are new, and the story of pink adipocytes (white-to-pink transdifferentiation) is quite innovative. The concept of using browning of the adipose organ as a therapeutic tool for obesity must take into consideration the anatomic and morphologic aspects described here, and the study of pink adipocytes could lead to a better comprehension of breast cancer tumor biology. This book will be of interest to all scientists who deal with obesity and related disorders.

Angiogenesis has recently played a critical role in regulation of adipose tissue expansion and regression. Like most other tissues in the body, adipose expansion and regression is accompanied by alteration of blood vessel density and structures. The vascular alteration plays an active role in regulation of adipose tissue size and functions. Targeting blood vessels in the adipose tissue have demonstrated to be a novel approach for possibly treatment of cancer, obesity and other metabolic diseases. This book provides the most updated information on this type research and discusses future opportunities for therapy..

This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.

Now in its second edition, this comprehensive handbook provides a state-of-the-art overview of recent advances in drug and non-drug therapies for obesity and diabetes. It also addresses major comorbidities, covering topics such as, cardiovascular diseases, renal and neuropsychiatric disorders, appetite control and micro RNAs. Special attention is also devoted to pediatric care, including the latest recommendations for therapy and prevention. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are among the top global health-care budget concerns worldwide and impact professional practice at all levels: in hospitals, clinics and physicians’ offices alike. They prominently feature in headlines, and virtually no family, community or country is exempt from their protean, deleterious consequences. Furthermore, given the multiple intersections in their pathways, they often go hand in hand. The good news is that scientific advances in all fields, including genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and microbiomics, are increasing our understanding of these two disease areas. At the same time, artificial intelligence, machine learning, mobile health and advanced implantable and external devices are rendering prevention and management more available, safe and cost-effective. In addition, bariatric and metabolic surgery has evolved from a niche specialty to an officially endorsed option for several modalities of obesity and diabetes. This book presents the latest lifestyle, pharmacological, surgical and non-surgical treatment options, including endoscopic intervention and cell therapy. Objectively reviewing natural and artificial sweeteners and critically examining issues such as public health initiatives, government mandated taxes for unhealthy foods and environmental planning, no stone is left unturned in gathering the latest practical information. As such, the book will appeal to seasoned specialists, as well as students and healthcare professionals in training.

This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Caroline M. Apovian and Nawfal Istfan, is devoted to Obesity. Articles in this comprehensive issue include: Guidelines for Obesity Management; Obesity is a Disease; Pharmacotherapy for Obesity; Bariatric Surgery Mechanisms; Diabetes Treatment in the Patient with Obesity; Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and the Endocrine Organ; Behavioral Treatment of the Patient with Obesity; The Role of Macronutrient Content in the Diet for Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance; Substrate Oxidation and Brown Adipose Tissue; Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue: Therapy for Obesity?; Ethnic Differences in Diabetes Lipids HTN and Obesity; Genetics of Bariatric Surgery Outcomes; Leptin and Hormones: Energy Homeostatis; Bariatric Surgery Clinical Outcomes; Medical Devices for Obesity; Adolescent Bariatric Surgery; Psychological Aspects of Obesity; and Nutrient Timing.

Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat may put a person at the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. With the growing prevalence of obesity, scientific interest in the biology of adipose tissue [which is the body's largest reserve of fuel] has been extended to the secretory products of adipocytes. In recent years, a line of evidence has demonstrated a much more complex function of adipose tissue, as an endocrine organ that releases hormones into the blood stream to take part in their potential implication in insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. These adipocytes' specific proteins include adiponectin, leptin and resistin. This study aimed to assess the effect of modest weight loss on serum adipocytokines' changes and hence discover their role as a link between obesity and insulin resistance diabetes.

Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.

Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.