Numerical Simulation Of A Three Dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layer

The first four symposia in the series on turbulent shear flows have been held alternately in the United States and Europe with the first and third being held at universities in eastern and western States, respectively. Continuing this pattern, the Fifth Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows was held at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, in August 1985. The meeting brought together more than 250 participants from around the world to present the results of new research on turbulent shear flows. It also provided a forum for lively discussions on the implications (practical or academic) of some of the papers. Nearly 100 formal papers and about 20 shorter communications in open forums were presented. In all the areas covered, the meeting helped to underline the vitality of current research into turbulent shear flows whether in experimental, theoretical or numerical studies. The present volume contains 25 of the original symposium presentations. All have been further reviewed and edited and several have been considerably extended since their first presentation. The editors believe that the selection provides papers of archival value that, at the same time, give a representative statement of current research in the four areas covered by this book: - Homogeneous and Simple Flows - Free Flows - Wall Flows - Reacting Flows Each of these sections begins with an introductory article by a distinguished worker in the field.

The capabilities for numerical simulations of the dynamical effects of the underlying structures occurring in turbulent boundary layers have been developed. A mathematically operational model of hairpin vortex, which closely resembles the experimentally observed underlying structure of wall turbulence, has been constructed and the evolution of this incipient hairpin vortex as well as the distortion of a background laminar boundary layer has been successfully simulated. The height of the incipient hairpin vortex is about 1/5 fo the local boundary layer thickness. The calculated results not only exhibit most of the prominent features associated with turbulent spots and turbulent boundary layer flows, but also reveal dynamic processes which have been very difficult to observe in experimental studies, notably, the formation and intensification of another counter rotating hairpin vortex immediately upstream of the incipient hairpin vortex. Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations; Coherent wall structure.

The near wall mechanics of 3D turbulent boundary layers were studied using direct numerical simulation. A fully developed turbulent channel flow was suddenly subjected to a transverse pressure gradient. An explanation for the reduction in the Reynolds stresses, observed in experiments, was provided in terms of the dynamics of near-wall streamwise vortices in turbulent boundary layers was described. It was shown that the effect of three-dimensionality is to change the trajectory of fluid particles in the vicinity of these vortices, and how this change leads to reductions of turbulence stresses. The proposed mechanisms are consistent with numerous statistical data and correlations which are presented. Turbulence, Boundary layers, Simulation.