Neuroprotection In Alzheimers Disease

Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease offers a translational point-of-view from both basic and clinical standpoints, putting it on the cusp for further clinical development with its emphasis on nerve cell protection, including the accumulation of knowledge from failed clinical trials and new advances in disease management. This book brings together the latest findings, both basic, and clinical, under the same cover, making it easy for the reader to obtain a complete overview of the state-of-the-field and beyond. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. It is a progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory, thinking skills, and eventually, even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It is characterized by death of synapses coupled to death nerve cells and brain degeneration which is manifested by loss of cognitive abilities. Understanding neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease will pave the path to better disease management and novel therapeutics. Comprehensive reference detailing neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease, with details on nerve cell protection and new advances in disease management Combines the knowledge and points-of-view of both medical doctors and basic scientists, putting the subject at the forefront for further clinical development Edited by one of the leading researchers in Alzheimer’s Disease

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are the most common pathologies of the central nervous system currently without a cure. They share common molecular and cellular characteristics, including protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ageing, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by their multifactorial etiology. Natural products, thanks to their multitarget activities, are considered promising alternatives for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This book deals with two different forms of natural products: extracts and isolated compounds. The study of the bioactivity of the extracts is extremely important as many studies have demonstrated the synergistic effect of the combination of different natural products. On the other hand, the investigation of the activity of specifically isolated natural products can be also important to understand their cellular and molecular mechanisms and to define the specific bioactive components in extracts or foods. This book can be considered an important contribution to knowledge of the neuroprotective effect of natural products and presents a great deal of information, related to both the benefits but also the limitations of their use in counteracting neurodegeneration.

Neurological disease affects nearly 25%–30% of the world’s population, exerting enormous financial strain on the healthcare system. Estimated current costs are around $800 annual billion, and this number is expected to increase exponentially as the global population ages. As such, new and alternative neuroprotective strategies are urgently needed. This book examines some of the most promising approaches in neuroprotection as well as discusses current goals and prospects. Organized into three sections, chapters cover such topics as the use of cannabinoids, medicinal plants, and essential oils in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; protein misfolding and the neuroprotective potential of vitamin E in cerebral ischemia; and potential new neurological treatments and their mechanisms of action.

Neuroprotection is a strategy to prevent or delay the progression of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, acute neurological disorders, or even mental disorders. The major aim of this book is to focus on different approaches to achieve neuroprotection. In this book, there are chapters discussing imidazoline ligands and opioid ligands in Alzheimer's disease, the beneficial effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists modulating microglial responses, and different approaches to achieve neuroprotection against aging-associated macular degeneration. This book will give insights to scientists in the field to stimulate their research, medical professionals to review their clinical practices, and others who would like to learn more about different neuroprotective approaches.

Proteinopathy is a collective term used to classified neurodegenerative diseases associated with the progressive accumulation of toxic protein molecules in specific brain regions. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a well-known proteinopathy characterize by the accumulation of A peptides and tau proteins. The accumulation of these toxic molecules in the brain starts many years before any clinical presentation, being the onset in the range of 65 to 72 years of age. Therefore, age is considered a risk factor due, in part, to the loss of molecular competence to clear the brain from these toxic protein molecules. This fact, supported by years of research, demonstrates that brain cells activate a neuroprotective mechanism upon detection of a pathobiological signal that (if the detrimental conditions persist) precedes the activation of the neurodegeneration pathway. The progressive brain region specific neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases also indicates that the transition from neuroprotection to neurodegeneration is individually triggered in cells of the affected brain region. Thus, molecular understanding of the pathophysiology associated with proteinopathies needs to take in consideration this intricate transition process, especially when genomics and proteomics approaches are used.

Phytochemicals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds found in edible fruits, plants, vegetables, and herbs. Unlike vitamins and minerals, phytochemicals are not needed for the maintenance of cell viability, but they play a vital role in protecting neural cells from inflammation and oxidative stress associated with normal aging and acute and chronic age-related brain diseases. Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders explores the advances in our understanding of the potential neuroprotective benefits that these naturally occurring chemicals contain. Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders explores the role that a number of plant-based chemical compounds play in a wide variety of neurological disorders. Chapters explore the impact of phytochemicals on neurotraumatic disorders, such as stroke and spinal cord injury, alongside neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. The chapters and sections of this book provide the reader with a big picture view of this field of research. Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders aims to present readers with a comprehensive and cutting edge look at the effects of phytochemicals on the brain and neurological disorders in a manner useful to researchers, neuroscientists, clinical nutritionists, and physicians.

Some shared pathophysiological mechanisms underlie autism, schizophrenia/mood disorders and Alzheimer's disease, i.e. neurodevelopmental disorders, neuropsychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. With the rapid advancement of molecular genetics including single cell analysis and detailed molecular characteristics, scientists have the opportunity to follow up on novel mechanistic aspects and offer a novel perspective for the treatments. Neuroprotection in Autism, Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease provides an up-to-date overview of basic and clinical studies concerning similarities in the most prevalent brain disorders, shedding light on basic mechanisms and providing for new avenues for early diagnosis toward disease prevention and disease modification. It is a collaborative effort between basic scientists, clinicians and educators and will open new horizons for the future researchers, medical professional and society at large. This book is written for researchers, clinicians, and medical physicians in neuroscience, neurology and psychiatry.

This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with updated descriptions on different computational methods encompassing ligand-based, structure-based, and combined approaches with their recent applications in anti-Alzheimer drug design. Different background topics like recent advancements in research on the development of novel therapies and their implications in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have also been covered for completeness. Special topics like basic information science methods for insight into neurodegenerative pathogenesis, drug repositioning and network pharmacology, and online tools to predict ADMET behavior with reference to anti-Alzheimer drug development have also been included. In the Neuromethods series style, chapter include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and thorough, Computational Modeling of Drugs Against Alzheimer’s Disease, Second Edition is a valuable resource for all researchers and scientists interested in learning more about this important and developing field.

The need for effective therapy to treat Alzheimer’s disease is greater than ever, but there is still no drug therapy that can stop or reverse the progression of the disease. There is, however, a great deal of anticipation over the imminent development of effective therapies as a result of the identification of promising targets for drug development. This book investigates these targets and examines ongoing strategies to develop effective therapies for this devastating neurodegenerative condition.

Neuroprotection plays a crucial role in everyday life, maintaining a clean environment in the central nervous system to allow for normal functioning. In Alzheimer,Äôs disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, neuroprotection may have two roles. Under standard circumstances, the immune system protects the CNS, but sometimes it can exacerbate the pathophysiology of some diseases through neuroinflammation leading to further degeneration. Alzheimer,Äôs disease is fast getting out of control, with no new approvals in therapeutics since 2003, and of those approved, all target symptomatic treatment. Initiated by a microglial response to AŒ≤ plaques, therapeutic development should focus on the amyloid cascade as a neuroprotective measure for Alzheimer,Äôs disease. This chapter will examine the status of the types of therapeutics in clinical trials for Alzheimer,Äôs disease, offering insights into peptides as an area of opportunity for neuroprotection and detailing considerations for the use of peptides in Alzheimer,Äôs disease.