Neonatal Pharmacology And Nutrition Update

In order to provide safe and effective drug therapy to neonates, it is necessary to know about and understand the impact their development has on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The fact that children are different and neonates very different from adults means that, in neonates, it would be unwise to dose medications by scaling down adult doses proportionately, simply attempting to match their smaller weight and/or body surface area. When one makes decisions about neonatal drug therapy, one must not only take into consideration the available data but also critically assess and interpret this information within the context of fetal development and maturational processes as well as within the context of diseases that might affect a drug’s biodisposition. This book includes the latest information on the regulation and scientific basis of drug development and also provides a rationale for formula development for preterm infants. It offers guidance on how to translate pharmacokinetic data into dosing recommendations and also covers legal and regulatory issues relating to neonatal pharmacotherapy.

Neonatal Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics covers the significant advances in clinical pharmacology and the principles of neonatal therapeutics. This book is composed of 20 chapters that tackle various neonatal diseases and their corresponding therapeutic options. The opening chapters review the pharmacological principles and kinetics, placental drug transfer, and drug therapy in pregnancy. The next chapters consider the other aspects of clinical pharmacology, including tocolytics, oxytocin, maternal drug use, neonatal withdrawal, prophylaxis, and the effect of material analgesia and anesthetics on newborn. Considerable chapters are devoted to the treatment options of neonatal diseases, including apnea, pulmonary and systemic disorders, cardiac diseases, jaundice, hypoglycemia, and nutrient deficiencies. The remaining chapters discuss other therapeutic options, such as blood cell component therapy, the use of analgesia and muscle relaxants, and parenteral nutrition. This book is intended primarily for all doctors who care for newborn babies and clinical pharmacologists.

This Nutrients Special Issue focuses on neonatal nutritional advances for inflammatory disorders affecting infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Nutrition can significantly impact the development of certain diseases that afflict infants. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research on the role of nutrition in preventing or impacting neonatal disorders. Specifically, this Special Issue focuses on the role of breast milk or donor breast milk and the various components in milk that have been demonstrated to protect against NEC and other inflammatory diseases. This issue provides a comprehensive composite of the advances in nutritional strategies that can modulate or prevent neonatal intestinal disorders.

"Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology offers guidelines for safe, effective, and rational drug therapy in newborns, children and adolescents. The book provides relevant and useful data on the molecular, physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacologic mechanisms of drug action and therapy in this population. The authors identify areas of innovative basic and translational research necessary for the continuing evaluation and development of drugs for the fetus, newborns, children and adolescents. Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology is is a valuable reference for all health care professionals who treat the fetus, newborns, children, and adolescents, including neonatologists, nurses, pediatricians, general practitioners, students, obstetricians, perinatologists, surgeons and allied health professionals. It will be useful anytime during the day and especially in the middle of the night when knowledge of appropriate indications, safe and effective use, dosage, and therapeutic regimen for a certain drug or molecular entity is immediately needed. The book is also directed to those involved in basic, clinical, and other academic pharmacological research, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies dealing with drug and therapeutic developments for this population. Those teaching pharmacology and therapeutics will find this compilation of information extremely useful in preparing teaching materials"--Provided by publisher.

"This book is a rare find for APRNs, especially PNPs and NNPs, and provides excellent APRN collaboration instances in everyday clinical and academic settings. The chapters are written by interprofessional healthcare providers, such as NNPs and PharmDs, and provide information and practice guidelines from a collaborative perspective. " –Holly Wei, PhD, RN, CPN, NEA-BC, FAAN Professor and Assistant Dean for PhD Program University of Louisville School of Nursing This is the first text to address fetal and neonatal pharmacology for the APN and nursing student. With a strong focus on interprofessional collaboration, it delivers core pharmacologic concepts and practice guidelines in a clear, systematic manner for ease of use. This resource reflects real-word scenarios as it discusses perinatal and intrapartum pharmacologic therapies and their implications for fetuses and neonates. It covers such postnatal pharmacology considerations as human milk and maternal drug addiction. A table including 100 of the most commonly used medications prescribed in the NICU serves as a quick reference for both academic and clinical settings. The text explores the genesis, evolution, and current knowledge surrounding pharmacologic therapies used to treat common problems afflicting preterm and critically ill neonates. Chapters, written by interprofessional teams, include illustrations and concept maps of key content—promoting active learning for visual and tactile learners, learning objectives, and discussion questions. The text meets the accreditation requirements for MSN and DNP programs offering the 3P courses to neonatal and pediatric NP students, Clinical Nurse Specialist students, and midwifery students. Key Features: Provides clear, concise descriptions of principles of fetal and neonatal pharmacology Includes illustrations and concept maps providing visual and tactile learners with tools to engage and demonstrate active learning Presents illustrations and "concept maps" of key content to foster active learning for visual and tactile learners Offers Learning Objectives and Discussion Questions in each chapter Includes a table of 100 commonly used NICU medications Provides core curricular content, written by interprofessional author teams, which aligns with the 2021 AACN Essentials and 2022 NTFS Standards for Quality Nurse Practitioner Education

Despite the fact that the prevalence of obesity in early childhood has been stable and is no longer increasing in many developed and industrialized countries, the incidence of both obesity and full-blown metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents is still very high. Obesity is a major disease burden in all societies and needs to be prevented early in life. New approaches are eagerly sought and absolutely necessary. This book presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art summary of current and new knowledge in this critical field. Crucial issues such as nutrition and genetics are described in detail. In addition, new ideas such as e-health and the consequences of urban living conditions are explored. Last but not least, modern treatment concepts and prevention even at an early age are competently discussed. Offering a valuable update on new developments in obesity research and the treatment in children and adolescents, this book is essential reading for all pediatricians and health-care professionals who look after young patients on a regular basis.

Protein plays a vital role in growth and development and is able to 'program' healthy growth by influencing gene methylation for positive long-term health outcomes. The understanding of these mechanisms is critical to support and improve the health of future generations in both the short and long term.The first part of this book reviews the role of hydrolyzed proteins in infant feeding and the evidence-based benefits of their use in non-breastfed infants at risk of allergy and in infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The second part focuses on human milk and its potential alternatives in the feeding of healthy term infants. The final section is dedicated to preterm infants, their nutrition needs, and physiological capacities to ingest adequate amounts of protein for appropriate growth and development. Presenting the latest scientific findings on protein in early nutrition, this publication provides essential reading for pediatricians and researchers alike.

Pediatric epidemiology differs substantially from general epidemiology especially when it comes to ethical, developmental and societal aspects. This unique book addresses biological considerations and ethical and legal questions in dealing with pediatric and adolescent populations. Classic topics, such as how to recruit representative samples, how to deal with confounding variables, and how to work with genetic information are the core areas of the book are also in focus. Last but not the least, this volume adds to the current understanding of global trends in occurrence, transmission, and control of epidemic pediatric diseases. This book not only serves as a textbook for epidemiologists, pediatricians, geneticists, and child and public health specialists but is also a key reference for those embarking on pediatric cohort studies and epidemiological studies involving the pediatric population.

Neuroblastoma is a tumor derived from the sympathetic nervous system. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor occurring in children and exhibits a marked variability in outcome when the disease is categorized by clinical (e.g. age or stage) and biologic characteristics. This book gives an introduction into the clinical features of progressive neuroblastoma and focuses on molecular-targeted therapies and immunotherapies of this disease. It has become increasingly clear that MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog) holds a key position in neuroblastic transformation and gene expression in normal and transformed cells. In the 14 chapters important topics such as genomic alterations in neuroblastoma and strategies for indirect molecular targeting of MYCN are discussed. Two chapters, for example, review apoptotic pathways and proapoptotic molecular targets in neuroblastoma, one focusing on the p53 pathway and the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Other chapters cover topics related to immunology in neuroblastoma, such as immune regulation in neuroblastoma, immunotherapy related to passive and active vaccination approaches and additional immunotherapy in the treatment of progressive disease. This volume will be essential reading for all clinicians and basic researchers who are involved in delivering health care to patients with progressive neuroblastoma.