Neologisms And Covid 19 Word Formation Processes Relating To Covid 19 In Articles And Everyday Usage

Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, University of Flensburg, language: English, abstract: This term paper will guide the reader through a linguistic analysis of different word-formation processes in new words related to COVID-19. The Coronavirus disease, also known as COVID-19, is an infectious disease affecting the respiratory system. More and more confirmed cases are being reported worldwide with each passing day. It first started in China towards the end of 2019. However, the virus became unstoppable and resulted in an ongoing pandemic. Not only has the virus led to numerous far-reaching educational, political, psychological, and social impacts, but also a major outbreak of new words and idioms. "Established terms such as self-isolating, pandemic, quarantine, lockdown and key workers have increased in use, while coronavirus/ COVID-19 neologisms are being coined quicker than ever" (Lawson 2020). These new words are quickly becoming part of our daily terminology as the virus continues to spread and kills more and more people all over the world. The meaning of many words is probably known, but where these terms also familiar to us six months ago? Nevertheless, what do we understand under the concept of neologisms? Which words have entered the dictionaries? The corpus of this work consists of four articles/ websites from which the analyzed words are taken. The theoretical part consists of definitions and explanations of different word-formation processes, such as abbreviations (including acronyms and initialisms), compounding, blending, and conversion. The third section contains a detailed analysis of 15 words for which concepts from the theoretical part will be used. Subsequently, the conclusion will sum up the findings.

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Leipzig (Institut für Anglistik), course: Systemlinguistik: Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, language: English, abstract: This research focuses on the linguistic field of morphology, investigating neologisms that emerged due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Firstly, morphological terms and definitions are presented in order to explain how these words were created, followed by a thorough explanation of how neologisms are formed through word-formation processes. Then, this study inspects a corpus of hundred neologisms related to the coronavirus to examine through which types of word-formation they were produced. In addition, the research aims to figure out what processes are the most productive regarding these Covid-inspired words. Finally, the results are discussed and tabulated. At the beginning of 2020, the infectious coronavirus disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, spread globally and turned into a worldwide pandemic (Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), n.d.). As a result, not only did the virus cause six million deaths and a socio-economic crisis, but it also influenced the English language (WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, n.d.). The human language is always changing and evolving because it needs to adapt to the changing needs of its speakers (Birner, n.d.). Eventually, certain developments such as the outbreak of the coronavirus will automatically lead to a linguistic change in unpredictable ways (Crystal, 2003). Since individuals had to face social distancing, lockdowns, quarantines, and the dangers of the coronavirus itself, a vast number of neologisms, meaning new words in a certain language, emerged in order to describe the changing realities (Yule, 1996). Such a change in language can influence “formal linguistic aspects of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics”, as well as non-linguistic factors of pragmatic and social aspects of language (Al-Salman & Haider, 2021).

Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Regensburg, language: English, abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused a lot of changes in our everyday life which have also been reflected in the way we speak. New concepts and ideas needed to be named to find their place in the lexicon. It led to the emergence of many new words and expressions in the English language. Some of them aim at naming specific things like the new virus itself (i e COVID-19) while the others are examples of language creativity and wordplay, for example, the word cornteen imitating the American way of pronouncing the widely used word quarantine. Currently, it is almost impossible to say which new words will get a permanent place in the vocabulary and which of them are just occasional coinages that will disappear once the pandemic is over. In order to answer this question, more time is needed but what is possible now is to trace the development of the English lexicon. For this purpose, the new COVID-19 words will have to be documented and analyzed. As the pandemic has not finished yet and other words can theoretically still be coined, multi-step research is required. This topic has already gained some attention from the scientific community, but there are only a few studies that analyze the new COVID-19 words. Having said that, the present study is aimed at contributing to the documentation and analysis of the new coinages.

Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.0, University of Freiburg, course: Introduction to Linguistic, language: English, abstract: Even though the words "Coronavirus, Covid-19, Rona and Sars-CoV-2" refer to the same disease, they are used in slightly different context throughout the media. This paper will focus on why we use different terms synchronously to refer to one novel disease. Moreover, this paper will have a look at the differences between the words, in which context and how often they are used. After scanning previous literature concerning this topic, I was able to formulate two hypothesis. One: The different terms fit different academic levels and are used in distinctive situations. (e.g. "Sars-CoV-2" main use in scientific fields, "Rona" more informal in everyday expressions) Two: The shorter a word is, the more it is used to refer to the virus.

The subject of the thesis and research are English neologisms. Neologisms are newly coined words that are created for various reasons and in various contexts. They appear everywhere, and with the rise of the Internet, their numbers are growing on a daily basis. In the theoretical part we have closely considered the processes of word-formation in English, why and how the formation of new words takes place, and which translation procedures of neologisms are available. In the empirical part of the thesis we have established the criteria for collecting the neologisms. The online search engine Word Spy is a database of neologisms that have appeared in at least three different texts with the help of which we have compiled a list of 66 neologisms. Each English neologism has been analysed: we have determined its meaning, added context and an example of use, and defined the word-formation process. In addition we have added Slovenian translations and translation procedure. Results and comments are described after the analysis, in the final sections of the thesis.

Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2.0, University of Duisburg-Essen, language: English, abstract: How new neologisms arise and what impact they have on our society will be examined in this paper. The paper will be structed in such a way that the question how new neologism occur in our vocabulary will be analysed first. It is proceeded in such a way that the first part will focus on the explanation of the term morphology and afterwards the individual processes of word formation, that are connected to morphology, will be presented. After the theoretical part, the handling of word formations in the area of social media is investigated. The focus is particularly on the platforms Twitter and Instagram and which different processes can be found under the post and the comment section. Afterwards, the applied methodology to gather and investigate the data used in this term paper, will be described. Thus, the results will be presented followed by a discussion of explaining and analysing the previous results, studies, and the methodology. Eventually, a conclusion with a summary of the results and its discussion of the term paper topic will be given.

Pavol Štekauer presents an original approach to the intricate problems of English word-formation. The emphasis is on the process of coining new naming units (words). This is described by an onomasiological model, which takes as its point of departure the naming needs of a speech community, and proceeds through conceptual reflection of extra-linguistic reality and semantic analysis to the form of a new naming unit. As a result, it is the form which implements options given by semantics by means of the so-called Form-to-Meaning Assignment Principle. Word-formation is conceived of as an independent component, interrelated with the lexical component by supplying it with new naming units, and by making use of the word-formation bases of naming units stored in the Lexicon. The relation to the Syntactic component is only mediated through the Lexical component. In addition, the book presents a new approach to productivity. It is maintained that word-formation processes are as productive as syntactic processes. This radically new approach provides simple answers to a number of traditional problems of word-formation.

This book presents the first large-scale usage-based investigation of the conventionalization process of English neologisms in the online speech community. It strings together findings and assumptions from lexicological, sociolinguistic and cognitive research and supplements the existing theories with novel data-driven insights.

This dissertation aims to contribute new terminology to the field by introducing discourse neologism to the lexicological and lexicographical approaches in the field of a discourse-related lexicon. The term describes a neologism that uses the discourse as an element of word-formation. The idea originates from the emergence of two COVID-19 discourse glossaries by two major German lexical institutes, from which a corpus was selected, including all the terms that could be identified as discourse neologism. In this dissertation, the semantic, semiotic and grammatical features of the discourse neologism are discussed with the examples from the corpus in order to make concluding statements on their nature and application.

This book explores the concept of Coronaspeak, the language adopted by the global community as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; it involves jokes, slang, public health slogans, cliché, and coronalit (corona related literature). In Coronaspeak we see new vocabulary and coinage like solomoon (honeymoon without the honey), elbow bump or Coronafussgruss (German, ‘corona foot-greeting’), variant labelling in the Greek alphabet (omicron and delta), new drug naming (AstraZeneca), medical jargon (pathogen, R number), semi-technical (spillover, variant) and common expressions (stale air, rebound), and informal speech, dialect and nonce words (jab, jag, and ‘the lurgi’). The book highlights the capacity of words to adapt to shock and social disorder, and argues that they are part of disaster management, with entries from Italian, French, Japanese, German and Korean, taken from scholarly articles and print and internet sources.