Natural History Of Host Parasite Interactions

Evolutionary theory has a key role to play in the interpretation of host and parasitic dynamics and the design and application of disease control programmes. This title collects articles from scientists from different fields of research and/or disease control, but with a common interest in studying the biology of a variety of parasitic diseases.

This volume summarizes current research into the physiology and molecular biology of host-parasite interactions. Brought together by leading international experts in the field, the first section outlines fundamental processes, followed by specific examples in the concluding section. Covering a wide range of organisms, Host-Parasite Interactions is essential reading for researchers in the field.

This edited volume demonstrates how the latest developments in biogeography (for example in phylogenetics, macroecology, and geographic information systems) can be applied to studies in the evolutionary ecology of host-parasite interactions in order to integrate spatial patterns with ecological theory.

In Parasitism, Claude Combes explores the fascinating adaptations parasites have developed through their intimate interactions with their hosts. He begins with the biology of parasites—their life cycles, habitats, and different types of associations with their hosts. Next he discusses genetic interactions between hosts and parasites, and he ends with a section on the community ecology of parasites and their role in the evolution of their hosts. Throughout the book Combes enlivens his discussion with a wealth of concrete examples of host-parasite interactions.

Biogeography has renewed its concepts and methods following important recent advances in phylogenetics, macroecology, and geographic information systems. In parallel, the evolutionary ecology of host-parasite interactions has attracted the interests of numerous studies dealing with life-history traits evolution, community ecology, and evolutionary epidemiology. The Biogeography of Host-Parasite Interactions is the first book to integrate these two fields, using examples from a variety of host-parasite associations in various regions, and across both ecological and evolutionary timescales. Besides a strong theoretical component, there is a bias towards applications, specifically in the fields of historical biogeography, palaeontology, phylogeography, landscape epidemiology, invasion biology, conservation biology, human evolution, and health ecology. A particular emphasis concerns emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases linked to global changes.

"ABSTRACTBiological invaders typically lose parasites and pathogens from their native range but can acquire parasites from their native range or from their introduced range. As a result, host-parasite communities in invaded habitats need to be re-assembled - and this assembly can echo aspects of host-parasite associations in the native range. In Panama, the invasive red-rimmed melania snail Melanoides tuberculata (Muller 1774) is commonly infected by trematode parasites with complex life cycles. In this research, I investigate the ecological factors driving the transmission of parasites in an invaded community by considering the interactions of trematodes with different host species throughout their life cycle. I specifically consider the ecological processes that affect the extent to which biological invasions facilitate the transmission of introduced parasites in expanded geographic ranges.In the first chapter, I test the idea that "host diversity begets parasite diversity" in an introduced range by evaluating the influence of native bird hosts and habitat features on the abundance and species richness of trematode parasites infecting M. tuberculata in an invaded range. I show that the abundance and diversity of trematodes in M. tuberculata is strongly associated with the abundance and diversity of potential bird hosts in lake sites but found no evidence for this association from field surveys in stream sites. This system therefore shows how the assembly of host-parasite associations in new ranges is a complex mosaic of historical processes, novel associations and environmental effects. In the second chapter, I investigate how these trematodes described in the previous chapter interact with first intermediate snail hosts. Specifically, I consider the effect of parasitism by an invasive trematode, Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori 1924), on snail reproduction and investigate the extent to which infected hosts exhibit plasticity in life-history strategies in response to parasitic castration. Field surveys showed that infected snails are castrated and unable to produce new offspring. However, infected snails could harbor juvenile snails in their brood pouch and thus provide maternal investment in brood development post-infection. Snails infected in laboratory had depressed growth rates and produced larger juveniles compared to uninfected snails. These results support the idea that trematode infection induces a plastic response in the energetic budget allocated to reproduction to boost reproduction at the cost of growth. I discuss the implications of the ability of snails to "make the best, if not the most, of a bad situation " In the third chapter, I consider how C. formosanus, which is transmitted by snails to fish, interacts with a community of potential fish hosts with which they do not share a common evolutionary history. Field surveys across three field sites in Gatun Lake, Panama, revealed that the invasive peacock bass, Cichla monoculus, was more commonly infected by C. formosanus than were three other common cichlid fishes. Laboratory infection experiments were conducted to determine if parasitism might be driven by differential encounter to parasites or by differential infection susceptibility/preference across different host species. In all cases, the peacock bass exhibited higher infection rates relative to other potential fish hosts. These data provide support that an introduced 'generalist' parasite shows specialization on a novel host, which could be the product of rapid local adaptation post-invasion. As a whole, this research illustrates the ecological complexity associated with the establishment of parasites with complex life cycles in new environments, creating a mosaic of interactions with different host species that are driven by different ecological and evolutionary processes." --

Introduces readers to key case studies that illustrate how theory and data can be integrated to understand wildlife disease ecology.

The theme of this volume is to discuss Eco-evolutionary Dynamics. Updates and informs the reader on the latest research findings Written by leading experts in the field Highlights areas for future investigation

This volume covers a wide range of systems, exemplified by a broad spectrum of micro- and macro-parasites, impacting humans, domestic and wild animals and plants. It illustrates the importance of evolutionary considerations and concepts, both as thinking tools for qualitative understanding or as guiding tools for decision making in major disease control programs. * Brings together a range of articles from scientists from different fields of research and/or disease control, but with a common interest in studying the biology of a variety of parasitic diseases* Evolutionary theory has an important role to play in both the interpretation of host and parasitic dynamics and the design and application of disease control programs