National Survey Of Secondary Education Bulletin 1932 No 17 Monograph No 14

Ten places are picked out for description in this monograph, including some 4 township high schools in the State of Illinois. In addition to these there will be found a description of the guidance work in the five cities of Boston, Chicago, Providence, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, and in the independent Milwaukee Vocational School. The educational and vocational guidance given in individual high schools in each of these cities is described fully. In some places the service has been attached to the city government. In other places it was from the beginning more closely connected to the school system. There is generally a marked tendency for it to be found in the schools. In some of these schools there seems to be no distinction made between the work in administration and the functions in guidance. For instance, they are closely connected in the New Trier Township High School. In the Joliet Township High School, on the other hand, they are clearly differentiated: The last chapter summarizes four main types of guidance activities and describes guidance in a small rural school in California. The conclusion is that guidance may exist in schools of any size if its necessity is fully understood by the principal and faculty of the school. (Individual chapters contain footnotes. Contains 20 figures and 1 table.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

This manuscript, prepared by Doctor Koos and the staff, is a summary of the entire survey as published in 27 other monographs. It epitomizes the organization of secondary education, giving due stress to full-time and part-time schools; to the nature of the secondary-school population, showing that it has increased very greatly and, therefore, it has more variety than formerly; to the resulting reorganized forms of secondary education, particularly the junior high school, the 6-year school, and the junior college. This monograph contains the following chapters: (1) Some highlights in the findings of the survey; (2) Using the reports and findings of the survey; (3) Making the survey; (4) The Horizontal organization of secondary education; (5) The Secondary-school population; (6) The Vertical reorganization of secondary education; (7) The smaller secondary schools; (8) Secondary education for Negroes; (9) District organization and secondary education; (10) Legal and regulatory control of secondary education; (11) Trends in the articulation of high school and college; (12) Administrative and supervisory staffs and programs of supervision; (13) Selection and appointment of teachers; (14) Provisions for individual differences; (15) Programs of guidance; (16) Research within schools and systems; (17) Interpreting the secondary school to the public; (18) The secondary school library; (19) Procedures in curriculum making; (20) Trends in programs of studies; (21) Instruction in certain subject groups; (22) Nonathletic extracurriculum activities; (23) Intramural and interscholastic athletics; and (24) Health work and physical education. Individual chapters contain footnotes. (Contains 7 figures and 2 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

This manuscript in two parts is one of the larger ones of the National Survey of Secondary Education. Part I was prepared by A. K. Loomis and Edwin S. Lide. It deals with the program of studies in junior and senior high schools; the purpose, principally, is to trace the trends. For instance, the programs of studies in 60 junior high schools were studied for a 10-year period. The 14 programs investigated by the Commonwealth Fund in 1923 were also investigated in 1930-31. Certain trends revealed in recent revisions of the curriculum and the comparison of programs before and after junior high school reorganization were studied. A comparison was made of the programs of studies in reorganized and unreorganized schools. Similarly the programs of studies in 152 senior high schools were studied through a 6-year period, in 54 schools through a 16-year period, and in 35 schools over a 25-year period. The programs investigated by the Commonwealth Fund in 1924 were likewise brought up to date. The trends revealed through recent revisions and the trends in private school curriculums recently revised were also studied. In Part II of this manuscript B. Lamar Johnson gives attention to registration and schedule making. The importance of a pupil making a good start through a clean-cut registration each fall is emphasized, and the schedules adopted for the use of pupils and teachers together with the best time of opening and closing the school day are given attention. Individual chapters contains footnotes. (Part I contains 19 figures and 103 tables. Part II contains 37 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

At a time when a large portion of the pupils who have completed the work of the secondary school continues into higher institutions of learning, neither the group of secondary schools nor the aggregation of colleges has a right to consider its problems out of relation to the level of education above or below it. During the past few years a definite effort has been made in the United States to eliminate the gaps between the units of education. Educational training is being made naturally continuous for pupils. This natural continuity is made possible as the units of education become more and more effectively articulated. It is the purpose of this investigation to discover the steps which are being taken by the colleges in improving their articulation with secondary schools. Articulation in this study does not refer merely to the methods employed by higher institutions in selecting students for admission, but refers equally as much to the means of adaptation subsequent to admission and to the actual plans in operation by which colleges and secondary schools constituent to them are brought into closer relationship. It has been found necessary to report a certain amount of status in order that trends and innovations may become discernible. This study is the only project of the National Survey of Secondary Education which deals specifically with the problem of the articulation of secondary schools and higher institutions. An investigation supplementary to this study has been made, dealing with the types of innovations in colleges and universities affecting the liberal arts education for students during their first two years of college attendance. The findings of the corollary study will bear special relationship to that portion of this report which deals with the means used by higher institutions in adapting newly admitted students to the college situation. The information presented in this study was secured mainly from an inquiry form filled in for 517 higher institutions. Use was made also of certain data included in inquiry forms which had been returned by large numbers of public and private secondary schools. This bulletin is divided into five chapters, as follows: (1) Purpose and Scope of the Study; (2) Admission to College; (3) Means of Adaptation Subsequent to Admission; (4) Improvement of Articulation; and (5) Summary, Trends, and Problems. (Contains 30 tables, 5 figures, and 14 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

This investigation of the teaching of science in secondary schools is based upon the analysis of 58 courses in general science, 45 courses in biology, 27 courses in physics, and 30 courses in chemistry. The courses were obtained from schools in response to a request from the Office of Education for courses which had been revised since 1925. Some courses were also secured from the Division of Research of the National Education Association. Twenty-six States are represented by one or more courses of study. In addition to the data obtained from the courses of study, visits were made to schools in 14 cities in various parts of the United States. Fifty-five classes were visited. The purpose of the classroom visiting was twofold: (1) To discover the extent to which the courses of study actually functioned in dictating the subject matter presented and the technique of instruction employed; and (2) to discover promising innovations in classroom technique. Most of the visits were made to cities in which revised course outlines had been prepared. Individual sections contain footnotes. (Contains 8 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

The purpose of this report on research in secondary education is to study: (1) the personnel of educational research bureaus; (2) the undertakings of research departments in city school systems and in individual secondary schools; (3) the research undertakings carried on by individual secondary-school staff members not officially connected with research bureaus or departments; and (4) the nature of the research conducted in secondary education within schools and school systems. Inquiry revealed that few bureaus of research have been organized in secondary schools and that nearly all research in secondary education carried on in school systems is conducted by the bureaus of research of city school systems. This necessitated the study of these bureaus, especially with respect to their activities at the secondary-school level. This bulletin is divided into six chapters, as follows: (1) The Problem and Methods of Investigation; (2) Bureaus of Educational Research and Secondary Education; (3) Functions of Bureaus of Research; (4) Research outside the Bureaus; (5) Classification and Analysis of Researches Made; and (6) Summary and Conclusions. (Contains 25 tables, 6 figures, and 38 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

The interest of the American people in education, the extent and rapid growth of education as public enterprise, and the popularization of secondary schools in recent years are well known and are subjects of frequent comment. Less well known, however, are the interest and activity of the Negro, one of the constituent elements in American life, in education. This is particularly true with reference to education at the secondary level. It is the purpose of this report, therefore, to furnish information concerning the availability and present status of secondary education for the colored race in the Southern States. Following a Letter of Transmittal, this monograph contains the following chapters: (1) Purpose, scope, and procedure; (2) Availability of secondary education--The general situation; (3) Availability of secondary education--The distribution of high schools; (4) The organization of schools; (5) The high school offering; (6) The pupils; (7) Teachers and principals; (8) Certain practices in administration and supervision; (9) Housing and equipment; and (10) Summary, conclusions, and recommendations. (Contains 51 tables, 15 figures, and 27 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

Within a period of 30 years the high-school enrollment has increased from a little over 10 percent of the population of high-school age to more than 50 per cent of that population. This enrollment is so unusual for a secondary school that it has attracted the attention of Europe, where only 8 to 10 per cent attend secondary schools. Many European educators have said that the United States is educating too many people. In order to know where the United States stands in secondary education, the membership of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools four years ago took the lead in urging a study. This manuscript deals with one of the major topics of the Survey, namely, the district organization. This monograph is organized into three sections. The contents are as follows. Part I: District Organization in the United States: (1) The local school district and the secondary school; (2) Availability of secondary education within local districts; (3) Special provisions for secondary education; (4) Plans for the reorganization of school districts; and (5) Conclusion. Part II: School and district organization in California: (1) Purpose, scope, and procedures; (2) The present situation in California; (3) The situation in a typical county; (4) Proposed reorganization of administrative units; (5) Superintendency areas in seven counties; (6) Proposed changes in States policies and school laws; and (7) Summary and conclusions. Part III: School and district organization in Illinois: (1) Legal background and growth of township and community high schools; (2) Conditions in selected districts and schools; and (3) District problems in secondary schools in Illinois. (Individual parts contain tables, figures, and footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

The chief purpose of this study has been to determine what existing forms of American secondary-school organization are of greatest promise. The study has sought, in particular, to discover the effects of the junior high school movement upon practice in school organization, to secure objective evidence as to the comparative merits of reorganized and conventionally organized secondary schools, and to provide a basis for estimating the relative promise of various types of junior and senior high schools. No generally accepted standards have thus far been formulated by which the worth of various types of school organization may be measured. The most commonly recognized standards are those of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. The regulations of this association embody criteria on the basis of which member schools are accredited. The criteria deal, however, only with minimum essentials of organization. Like the standards proposed by other accrediting agencies and by individual specialists in secondary education, they afford small basis for distinguishing among schools which are well above a merely minimum level. This bulletin contains the following parts: (1) The Reorganized Secondary School; (2) Recent Growth and Present Status of the Public Junior College; and (3) Special Reorganizations of School Systems. Appended are: (1) A list of secondary schools (supplying detailed information for use in connection with Part I), which report exceptionally comprehensive organizations; and (2) A list of needed investigations of school organization revealed in Part I. Individual sections contain footnotes. (Contains 46 tables and 16 figures.) [Best copy available has been provided.].

Legal questions relating to secondary education continue to be prolific. Two influences principally affect this situation, namely: (1) the dynamic and progressive nature of education; and (2) vague and chaotic conditions of laws affecting secondary schools. With respect to the first of these influences, no valid objections or modifications have been urged (except, perhaps, that education has not been dynamic enough). The second influence challenges the attention of school administrators, legislators, and other friends of education. The purpose of this monograph has been to study in a comprehensive way the principal statutory and regulatory provisions which affect the organizations and standards of secondary education in the United States. The standards prescribed by educational institutions within the respective States and by regional accrediting associations have also been included in this study. These latter standards, while not having the authority of law, are regarded as exercising indirectly sufficient influence on secondary education to warrant attention in a study of this kind. It is hoped that the study may afford a basis not only for comparison but also possible evaluations of varying types and degrees of present legal and regulatory control of secondary schools in the light of current professional opinion. The principal sources of data for this study are: (1) State constitutions; (2) State codes and session laws; (3) State school-law manuals; (4) State supreme court reports; (5) regulations and regulatory standards in publications of State departments of education; (6) standards required by regional accrediting associations; and (7) previous earlier related studies. This bulletin is divided into seven chapters, as follows: (1) Purpose and Background; (2) Local Organization for Control of Secondary Schools; (3) Grades of Secondary Education; (4) Compulsory School Attendance, Tuition, and Transportation; (5) State Administrative and Supervisory Control; (6) Regional Accrediting Associations; and (7) Conclusions. (Contains 14 tables and 46 footnotes.) [This bulletin was prepared with the assistance of Franklin C. Sewell. Best copy available has been provided.].