Methodology For Estimating Carbon Footprint Of Road Projects

Carbon footprint is a tool commonly used to describe the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions for which an individual or organization is responsible. ADB's South Asia Department (SARD) carried out this study to explore possible approaches and methods to calculate the carbon footprint from its road activities and their total contributions on SARD's overall activities in India. India was selected for this study because it represents all types of SARD activities (highways, national roads, and rural roads) and the project locations range from urban to rural areas with different ecological conditions. A model of calculating carbon footprint---construction, operation, and maintenance---of road projects was developed, and this model was tested and presented using data from SARD projects in India.

This book introduces the research background and significance of carbon emissions in the tunnel industry and systematically reviewed the research progresses of carbon emission researches for tunnels, LCA (life cycle assessment) research framework, and uncertainty research progress. The authors propose a novel modular carbon emission calculation method for highway tunnel construction and expounds on the modular LCA system boundary theory of tunnel construction. This method does not require abundant knowledge of LCA modeling, which is convenient for general engineering and technical personnel to calculate the carbon emission level of tunnel construction. The calculation formulas for input and carbon emissions of each module are provided. It also analyzes the parameter uncertainty, model uncertainty, and scenario uncertainty of the carbon emissions from tunnel construction by the Monte Carlo method. Further, this book proposes the fitting model of carbon emissions of unit engineering quantity in tunnel construction, which benefits to simplify the calculation of carbon emissions.This book is mainly aimed at engineering and technical personnel in the construction industry, especially tunnel and underground engineering, including tunnel design engineers; tunnel construction engineers, experts, and scholars; tunnel owners; management departments.

The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.

Environmental Carbon Footprints: Industrial Case Studies provides a wide range of industrial case-studies, beginning with textiles, energy systems and bio-fuels. Each footprint is associated with background information, scientific consensus and the reason behind its invention, methodological framework, assessment checklist, calculation tool/technique, applications, challenges and limitations. More importantly, applications of each indicator/framework in various industrial sectors and their associated challenges are presented. As case studies are the most flexible of all research designs, this book allows researchers to retain the holistic characteristics of real-life events while investigating empirical events. Includes case studies from various industries, such as textiles, energy systems and conventional and bio-fuels Provides the calculation tool/technique, applications, challenges and limitations for determining carbon footprints on an industry by industry basis Presents the background information, scientific consensus and reason behind each case study

Carbon footprint is one of the important environmental impacts, which has received greater attention from the public, government and media. It is one of the important topics of even any government’s agenda as well and every nation is trying its best to reduce its carbon footprint to the maximum possible extent. Every company would like to reduce the carbon footprint of its products and consumers are looking for the products which emit lower carbon emissions in their entire life cycle. Assessment of Carbon footprint for different products, processes and services and also carbon labelling of products have become familiar topics in the recent past in various industrial sectors. Every industry has its unique assessment and modelling techniques, allocation procedures, mitigation methods and labelling strategies for its carbon emissions. With this background, this book has been framed with dedicated chapters on carbon footprint assessment on various industrial sectors. In each chapter, details pertaining to the assessment methodologies of carbon footprint followed in a particular industry, challenges in calculating the carbon footprint, case studies of various products in that particular industry, mitigation measures to be followed to trim down the carbon footprint, recommendations for further research are discussed in detail. This first volume includes the carbon footprint assessment methodology of agricultural sector, telecommunication sector, food sector, ceramic industry, packaging industry, building and construction sector and solid waste sector.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has become the recognized instrument to assess the ecological burdens and human health impacts connected with the complete life cycle (creation, use, end-of-life) of products, processes and activities, enabling the assessor to model the entire system from which products are derived or in which processes and activities operate. This volume introduces the major new book series LCA Compendium - The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment. In this volume, the main drivers in the development of LCA are explored. The volume also discusses strengths and limitations in LCA as well as challenges and gaps, thus offering an unbiased picture of the state-of-the-art and future of LCA.

" ... the reference guide introduces the basic guidance on the most relevant aspects of REDD+ projects provided by 3 well-established standards deemed to be the most representative of their kind: the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS) ... the Plan Vivo System ... and the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Project Design Standards (CCB)