Magnetic Particle Imaging

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. This is the first book to be published on magnetic particle imaging, and it will be an invaluable source of information for everyone with an interest in this exciting new modality.

Bernhard Gleich introduces Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) including all aspects that are necessary for a complete understanding. MPI is a new imaging modality invented by Bernhard Gleich and Jürgen Weizenecker. The method is capable of imaging the distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and high imaging speed. The author summarizes the results of a number of original papers and countless innovations he has elaborated in the young discipline of magnetic particle imaging.

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging modality. In MPI superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used as tracer materials. The volume is the proceeding of the 2nd international workshop on magnetic particle imaging (IWMPI). The workshop aims at covering the status and recent developments of both, the instrumentation and the tracer material, as each of them is equally important in designing a well performing MPI. For instance, the current state of the art in magnetic coil design for MPI is discussed. With a new symmetrical arrangement of coils, a field-free line (FFL) can be produced that promises a significantly higher sensitivity compared with the standard arrangement for a FFP. Furthermore, the workshop aims at presenting results from phantom and pre-clinical studies.

In these proceedings, an overview on recent results of a novel imaging modality based on magnetic nanoparticles is given. This imaging concept, called magnetic particle imaging (MPI), falls into the category of functional imaging and, hence, the magnetic nanoparticles may serve as tracers of metabolic processes. Today, there are interesting challenges within the practical set-up of a scanning device and also in the design of new MPI nanoparticles. During this workshop at the University of Lbeck in 2010, scientists from chemical engineering, biology, electrical engineering, physics, computer sciences and medicine discussed the promises and challenges of MPI.

Marlitt Erbe provides a detailed introduction into the young research field of Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) and field free line (FFL) imaging in particular. She derives a mathematical description of magnetic field generation for FFL imaging in MPI. To substantiate the simulation studies on magnetic FFL generation with a proof-of-concept, the author introduces the FFL field demonstrator, which provides the world’s first experimentally generated rotated and translated magnetic FFL field complying with the requirements for FFL reconstruction. Furthermore, she proposes a scanner design of considerably enhanced magnetic field quality and efficiency. The author discusses the influence of magnetic field quality optimization on the image quality achieved using efficient Radon-based reconstruction methods, which arise for a line detection scheme and based on this optimized design, presents a dynamic FFL scanner assembly.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. This is the first book to be published on magnetic particle imaging, and it will be an invaluable source of information for everyone with an interest in this exciting new modality.

Nanomedicine - the application of nanotechnology to human health - is a promising field of research at the interface of physical, chemical, biological, and medical science. Recent advances have made it possible to analyze biological systems at cellular and subcellular levels, offering numerous promising approaches to improve medical diagnosis and therapy. It is expected that nanomedicine will have a great impact especially on drug delivery and imaging. In this context, the development of targeted, highly specific nanoparticles is of pivotal importance. The results of these advances will offer personalized diagnostic tools and treatments in the future. Based on the 2nd Else Kröner-Fresenius-Symposium, this book presents a broad spectrum of topics ranging from nanoscale drug delivery/drug design to nanotoxicity and from diagnostics and imaging to therapeutic applications including antibody therapies. The contributions are authored by leading experts in the field and provide an excellent overview of the current knowledge in nanomedicine. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject area this volume will be of special interest to physicians, biologists, chemists, engineers, and physicists as well as to students in the respective fields.

This concise, user-oriented and up-to-date desk reference offers a broad introduction to the fascinating world of medical technology, fully considering today’s progress and further development in all relevant fields. The Springer Handbook of Medical Technology is a systemized and well-structured guideline which distinguishes itself through simplification and condensation of complex facts. This book is an indispensable resource for professionals working directly or indirectly with medical systems and appliances every day. It is also meant for graduate and post graduate students in hospital management, medical engineering, and medical physics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Machine Learning for Medical Reconstruction, MLMIR 2020, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2020, in Lima, Peru, in October 2020. The workshop was held virtually. The 15 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: deep learning for magnetic resonance imaging and deep learning for general image reconstruction.

During the years since this book was first published in 1993 there have very few developments in the technology of magnetic particle inspection apart from improvements in instrumentation which has made the measurement of peak values of time varying currents practicable. The major changes have arisen from health and safety and environmental concerns. These involve chemicals and exposure of personnel to air-borne electromagnetic fields and long wave ultraviolet (UY.A). The changes in the acceptability of certain volatile halogenated hydrocar bons which led to the banning of 1, 1, 1 thichloroethane in 1995 were evident in 1993. The present discussions concerning the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in general was also current and has now reached a stage where the effects of these deliberations will become evident over the next few years. Concerns over the exposure of personnel to airborne electromagnetic fields has been current for some years as has discussions to the effects of long wave ultraviolet (UY.A) on human skin. Recommendations as to maximum permit ted exposures over periods of time to both of these phenomena have been put forward and will doubtless form the basis of future legislation on the matter. A number of new specifications have appeared notably EN (European) and ISO specifications and some of these are still in preparation. Generally their impact will be minimal since these specifications are largely derived from existing documentation.