Lubricants And Waxes

This book covers chemistry of lubricants and waxes up to technologies applied for their commercial production including technologies in commercial operation. Grease as a lubricant in solid form including various formulations characterizing grease and liquid lubricants has been extensively covered. The environment impacts of the processes along with environment friendly processes developed have also been covered along with data in the book. To make the book more practical, various plants’ operating conditions have been provided as a part of case studies. Features: Provides updated information on the process, technologies, and application especially for production of Group-II and III base oils. Covers theory behind the processes including stoichiometry of chemical reactions, physical and chemical structures, and theoretical text explanations. Includes mathematical equations and data to evaluate the actual operations and/or check design of the plant. Explores practical applications including commercial production of lubricants and waxes. Covers various industrial case studies. This book is aimed at Professionals in industries involving the application of lubricants and waxes.

Provides state-of-the-art information on all processes currently used to manufacture lubricant base oils and waxes-offering practical, timesaving solutions for specific on-the-job problems. Furnishes helpful lists of conversion factors, construction cost data, and process licensors, as well as a glossary of essential petroleum processing terms.

First published in 1918, this book forms part one of two volumes on the properties of oils, fats and waxes. The texts were designed to meet the needs of technical workers and chemists requiring guidance on the basic principles underlying the area. Volume one focuses on chemical and general properties.

Provides state-of-the-art information on all processes currently used to manufacture lubricant base oils and waxes-offering practical, timesaving solutions for specific on-the-job problems. Furnishes helpful lists of conversion factors, construction cost data, and process licensors, as well as a glossary of essential petroleum processing terms.

Notes bibliogr.

Lubricants, greases and petrochemicals are most versatile on the Industrial Plateau now a day. The significance of Lubricants, Greases and specialty products in the day to day functioning of nearly every machine part, instrument, appliance & device cannot be over emphasized lubricants reduce friction & wear between rubbing parts, thereby enhancing their life. A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces. It may also have the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity. The broad types of lubricating oils are as under; crankcase oils, gear oils, metal working oils, metal drawing oils, spindle and other textile oils, steam turbine oils. Synthetic lubricants have a higher viscosity index, but are less stable to oxidation. They are suitable for high temperature applications. In the modern industrial year, greases have been increasingly employed to cope with a variety of difficult lubrication problems, particularly those where the liquid lubricant is not feasible. Greases are essentially solid or semi solid lubricants consisting of gelling or thickening agent in a liquid lubricant. Greases and lubricants are one of the important products derived from crude petroleum. Petroleum is formed by hydrocarbons (a hydrocarbon is a compound made up of carbon and hydrogen) with the addition of certain other substances, primarily sulphur. Petroleum in its natural form when first collected is usually named crude oil, and can be clear, green or black and may be either thin like gasoline or thick like tar. The principal product of petroleum refining are motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, diesel fuels, lubricating oils and fuel oils. Considerable quantities of petroleum wax, bitumen, liquid petroleum gases (LPG), industrial naphtha and coke are also produced. Petrochemicals are chemicals made from petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas. Petroleum and natural gas are made up of hydrocarbon molecules, which are comprised of one or more carbon atoms, to which hydrogen atoms are attached. The Indian lubricants industry claims to be the sixth largest in the world. The petrochemical industry in India has been one of the fastest growing industries in the country. This industry also has immense importance in the growth of economy of the country and the growth and development of manufacturing industry as well. Some of the fundamentals of the book are types of lubricating oils, crankcase oils, gear oils, metal working oils, metal drawing oils, spindle and other textile oils, steam turbine oils, synthetic lubricants, formulations and com pounding of lubricants, additives for straight mineral oil gear lubricants, raw materials for lubricants, equipments for lubricants manufacture, reclamation of used lubricating oil, nature of contaminants in used lubricating oil, gravity methods of purification, metal forming and deforming lubricant, cutting oils, heat treatment oils, greases, sodium soap greases, lithium soap greases, aluminium soap greases, mixed soap greases, complex soap greases etc. The objective of this book is to furnish comprehensive information about nearly all prominent types of lubricants, greases and petrochemicals. This book covers formulae, processes of various petroleum items. This book is an invaluable resource for entrepreneurs, existing units, professionals, institutions etc.