leaky opto-electrical neural implants
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Author | : André Mercanzini |
Publisher | : EPFL Press |
Total Pages | : 152 |
Release | : 2010-01-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9781439837542 |
The use of neural implants for stimulation and recording show excellent promise in restoring certain functions to the central nervous system; and neuroprostheses remains one of the most important tools of neuroscientists for the elucidation of the brain's function. Ailments such as Parkinson's disease, obesity, blindness, and epilepsy are being studied from this angle. Development of better electrodes for recording and stimulation is therefore critical to ensure continuing progress in this field. This book addresses one of the main clinical complications with the use of electrodes, namely the reaction of the neurological tissue in the immediate vicinity of an implanted device. The authors describe new techniques for assessing this phenomenon, as well as new microfabrication techniques to impede the inflammatory response of the brain. Inflammation can adversely effect these devices, limiting their lifetime and reducing their effectiveness. The measurement protocols and improved fabrication protocols described within these pages will become standard tools in the future of neuroprostheses. The author holds two U.S. patents on microassembly and is also a Review Editor for Frontiers in Neuroengineering.
Author | : William M. Reichert |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 296 |
Release | : 2019-08-30 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780367387938 |
Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwelling Neural Implants: Strategies for Contending with the In Vivo Environment examines many of these challenges, paying particular attention to how the healing of tissues surrounding an implant can impact the intended use of a device. The contributions are divided into four sections - Part one examines wound healing from the initial insertion trauma through the inflammatory and repair process, explaining how the action of healing varies throughout different areas of the body. - Part two considers various performance issues specific to particular implant components, including those that arise from the chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical impact on surrounding tissues. It discusses challenges that result from chronic tissue stimulation and heat effects that occur with on-chip and telemetric processing. - Part three presents both in vitro and in vivo approaches to assessing wound healing response to materials. It includes the contribution of the developer of a chronic hollow fiber membrane implant who explains how an in vivo model is used to assess molecular transport in brain tissue surrounding the implant. - The final section evaluates molecular and materials strategies for intervening in CNS wound repair and enhancing the electrical communication between the electrode surface and the surrounding tissue. It also presents novel approaches to nerve regeneration and repair.
Author | : Liang Guo |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 436 |
Release | : 2020-05-04 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3030418545 |
This book provides a comprehensive reference to major neural interfacing technologies used to transmit signals between the physical world and the nervous system for repairing, restoring and even augmenting body functions. The authors discuss the classic approaches for neural interfacing, the major challenges encountered, and recent, emerging techniques to mitigate these challenges for better chronic performances. Readers will benefit from this book’s unprecedented scope and depth of coverage on the technology of neural interfaces, the most critical component in any type of neural prostheses. Provides comprehensive coverage of major neural interfacing technologies; Reviews and discusses both classic and latest, emerging topics; Includes classification of technologies to provide an easy grasp of research and trends in the field.
Author | : Antoine Boudet |
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Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2019 |
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Optogenetics helps revolutionise the study of neural networks by allowing localised, genetically targeted, millisecond-timescale optical stimulations of neurons. Optogenetic implants embedded with LED sources hold great potential for experimental neuroscience, as they dispense with external optical coupling and enable site-specific light delivery to deep-brain regions. Although this technology has attracted firm interest in recent years, a long-standing question is whether these devices can attain optical powers or pulse rates suited for high-illumination protocols or circuit-level stimulation (e.g P > 50mW.mm2), while keeping average or peak Joule heating of tissue within commonly accepted "safe" boundaries (e.g
Author | : Christopher Samuel Choi |
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Release | : 2018 |
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Due to the metabolic demands of the brain, the exaggerated neuronal activity and spiking associated with epileptic seizures can be detected indirectly through changes in CBV. While high resolution ORIS measurements have been recorded using externally mounted CCD sensors, this work presents some of the first developments in producing a fully implantable ORIS sensor. Progress in the development of an implantable ORIS sensor described here includes: an implantable organic light emitting diode (OLED) and organic photodetector (OPD) integrated on a highly flexible parylene-c substrate, an implantable sensor using a microLED array embedded on a flexible polyimide substrate, and the application of quantum dots to microLEDs for optical down-conversion. Successful in vivo detection of seizures is achieved with high signal-to-noise using these methods. Additionally, spatial localization of seizure activity is performed using the microLED array. These developments represent crucial first steps in the development of a full 2D neuronal mapping system using implantable ORIS devices.
Author | : Ioan Opris |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 403 |
Release | : 2018-09-14 |
Genre | : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry |
ISBN | : 2889456153 |
The Volume II is entitled “Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches”. This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical or optical stimulation, or pharmacological agents. Activation of brain circuits with electrical currents is a conventional approach that includes such methods as (i) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), (ii) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (iii) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tDCS and TMS are often regarded as noninvasive methods. Yet, they may induce long-lasting plastic changes in the brain. This is why some authors consider the term “noninvasive” misleading when used to describe these and other techniques, such as stimulation with transcranial lasers. The volume further discusses the potential of neurostimulation as a research tool in the studies of perception, cognition and behavior. Additionally, a notion is expressed that brain augmentation with stimulation cannot be described as a net zero sum proposition, where brain resources are reallocated in such a way that gains in one function are balanced by costs elsewhere. In recent years, optogenetic methods have received an increased attention, and several articles in Volume II cover different aspects of this technique. While new optogenetic methods are being developed, the classical electrical stimulation has already been utilized in many clinically relevant applications, like the vestibular implant and tactile neuroprosthesis that utilizes ICMS. As a peculiar usage of neurostimulation and pharmacological methods, Volume II includes several articles on augmented memory. Memory prostheses are a popular recent development in the stimulation-based BMIs. For example, in a hippocampal memory prosthesis, memory content is extracted from hippocampal activity using a multiple-input, multiple-output non-linear dynamical model. As to the pharmacological approaches to augmenting memory and cognition, the pros and cons of using nootropic drugs are discussed.
Author | : Arthur Che-An Wu |
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Total Pages | : 176 |
Release | : 2007 |
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Author | : Winnie Jensen |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 842 |
Release | : 2014-06-17 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3319080725 |
The book is the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on NeuroRehabilitation (ICNR 2014), held 24th-26th June 2014 in Aalborg, Denmark. The conference featured the latest highlights in the emerging and interdisciplinary field of neural rehabilitation engineering and identified important healthcare challenges the scientific community will be faced with in the coming years. Edited and written by leading experts in the field, the book includes keynote papers, regular conference papers, and contributions to special and innovation sessions, covering the following main topics: neuro-rehabilitation applications and solutions for restoring impaired neurological functions; cutting-edge technologies and methods in neuro-rehabilitation; and translational challenges in neuro-rehabilitation. Thanks to its highly interdisciplinary approach, the book will not only be a highly relevant reference guide for academic researchers, engineers, neurophysiologists, neuroscientists, physicians and physiotherapists working at the forefront of their field, but will also help to act as bridge between the scientific, engineering and medical communities.
Author | : Paul R. Prucnal |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 412 |
Release | : 2017-05-08 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1498725244 |
This book sets out to build bridges between the domains of photonic device physics and neural networks, providing a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of "neuromorphic photonics." It includes a thorough discussion of evolution of neuromorphic photonics from the advent of fiber-optic neurons to today’s state-of-the-art integrated laser neurons, which are a current focus of international research. Neuromorphic Photonics explores candidate interconnection architectures and devices for integrated neuromorphic networks, along with key functionality such as learning. It is written at a level accessible to graduate students, while also intending to serve as a comprehensive reference for experts in the field.