Laser Surface Modification Of Biomaterials

Laser Surface Modification of Biomaterials: Techniques and Applications covers this expanding field, which has many potential applications, including biomaterials. Laser surface modification of biomaterials enables the production of hybrid materials with different functionality in the bulk as well as the thin, sub-micrometer surface layer. This book will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the technology and its applications. Chapters in Part 1 look at the techniques and considerations of laser surface modification, while Part 2 reviews laser surface modification techniques of the most important classes of biomaterials, with a final set of chapters discussing application specific laser surface modification. Offers a comprehensive review of laser surface modification techniques Presents recent developments, fundamentals, and progress in laser surface modification Reviews laser surface modification applications across a range of materials Emphasizes applications in biomaterials

The biomaterials technology industry is already well established in the western world and is growing rapidly within Asian Pacific nations. It is often described as the ‘next electronics industry’, whilst the laser is described as a ‘solution looking for a problem’. This book describes the use of the laser to solve a troublesome and costly problem in a rapidly growing global industry. The authors have spent many years conducting research using laser materials processing and wettability characteristics and have perfected a technique to improve the bio-compatibility of various bone-implant materials using laser irradiation. They have made pioneering discoveries on the subject and established some generic theories and principals that will have a wide range of applications in the biomaterials field. Introduces inter-disciplinary research work covering laser materials processing and surface modification of biomaterials for enhanced compatibility. Includes highly scientific and novel research material. Serves both as a practitioner guide and a reference book. Covers an exciting and rapidly developing area of technology that is of keen interest to engineers and clinicians alike. Laser Surface Treatment of Bio-Implant Materials is rare in providing a reference source that describes specifically a mechanical engineering solution to a biotechnology problem. It serves as both a practitioner guide and a medium to high-level reference text book, and as such is a reference source for the engineer practising or looking to move into the biomaterials field, undergraduate and post graduate students and those conducting bio-related research in either academia or industry. It will prove useful to mechanical engineers, biotechnologists, biomechanical engineers, metallurgists, clinicians and even surgeons.

The surface modification of biomaterials plays a significant role in determining the outcome of biological-material interactions. With the appropriate modification a material’s surface can be tailored to improve biocompatibility, adhesion and cell interactions. Consequently surface modification is vital in the development and design of new biomaterials and medical devices. Surface modification of biomaterials reviews both established surface modifications and those still in the early stages of research and discusses how they can be used to optimise biological interactions and enhance clinical performance.Part one begins with chapters looking at various types and techniques of surface modification including plasma polymerisation, covalent binding of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), heparinisation, peptide functionalisation and calcium phosphate deposition before going on to examine metal surface oxidation and biomaterial surface topography to control cellular response with particular reference to technologies, cell behaviour and biomedical applications. Part two studies the analytical techniques and applications of surface modification with chapters on analysing biomaterial surface chemistry, surface structure, morphology and topography before moving onto discuss modifying biomaterial surfaces to optimise interactions with blood, control infection, optimise interactions with soft tissues, repair and regenerate nerve cells, control stem cell growth and differentiation and to optimise interactions with bone.The distinguished editor and international team of contributors to Surface modification of biomaterials have produced a unique overview and detailed chapters on a range of surface modification techniques which will provide an excellent resource for biomaterials researchers and scientists and engineers concerned with improving the properties of biomaterials. It will also be beneficial for academics researching surface modification. Reviews both established surface modifications and those still in the early stages of research and how they can be used to optimise biological interactions and enhance clinical performance Studies analytical techniques and applications of surface modification with chapters assessing biomaterial surface chemistry, surface structure, morphology and topography Discusses modifying biomaterial surfaces to optimise interactions with blood and soft tissues and also to repair and regenerate nerve cells and control infection

KEYWORDS: surface modification, pulsed laser deposition, silicone, plasma polymerization, stents.

Biotechnology has the potential to improve people’s quality of life and holds the key to many unmet clinical needs. In the UK alone the biotechnology market is worth £4.5 billion and estimates of future growth range from 10 to 15%. This growth can only be driven by the increased use of inexpensive and easy to manufacture polymeric biomaterials. Although polymer science is a rapidly developing area of research, it remains that one of the most intractable problems encountered in biotechnology is that the performance of polymeric biomaterials depend upon both the bulk and surface properties. In this book the authors describe their work using lasers to modify the wettability characteristics of nylon 6,6 (as wetting is often the primary factor dictating the adhesion and bonding potential of materials) as a route to enhancing the surface in terms of in vitro osteoblast cell response. What is more, modifying wettability characteristics in this way is shown to be a highly attractive means of estimating the biofunctionality of a polymer. The book demonstrates and explains how the generation of a biomimetic surface on polymers using laser beams provides an in vitro platform on which to deposit and grow cells for either the development of implants or to reconstitute functional tissue. The correlative trends and generic characteristics which are identified in the book between the laser surface treatment, wettability characteristics and osteoblast cell response of the nylon 6,6 provide a means to estimate the osteoblast cell response in vivo. The book shows clearly that laser surface modification of polymeric materials has tremendous potential for application within the field of regenerative medicine.

Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing details the principles and practices of the technologies used in biomaterials processing and medical device manufacturing. The book reviews the main categories of metallic biomaterials and the essential considerations in design and manufacturing of medical devices. It bridges the gap between the designing of biomaterials and manufacturing of medical devices including requirements and standards. Main themes of the book include, manufacturing, coatings and surface modifications of medical devices, metallic biomaterials and their mechanical behaviour, degradation, testing and characterization, and quality controls, standards and FDA regulations of medical devices. The leading experts in the filed discuss the requirements, challenges, recent progresses and future research directions in the processing of materials and manufacturing of medical devices. Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing is ideal for those working in the disciplines of materials science, manufacturing, biomedical engineering, and mechanical engineering. Reviews key topics of biomaterials processing for medical device applications including metallic biomaterials and their mechanical behavior, degradation, testing and characterization Bridges the gap between biomaterials design and medical device manufacturing Discusses the quality controls, standards, and FDA requirements for biomaterials and medical devices

Despite advances in alternative materials, metals are still the biomaterial of choice for a number of clinical applications such as dental, orthopedic and cardiac implants. However, there are a number of intrinsic problems associated with implanting metal in the biological environment, such as wear, corrosion, biocompatibility and toxicity, which must be addressed. Modern technology has enabled scientists to modify metal surfaces or apply special coatings to metals to improve their performance safety. Surface Coating and Modification of Metallic Biomaterials will discuss the most important modification techniques and coatings for metals, first covering the fundamentals of metals as a biomaterial and then exploring surface modification techniques and coatings. An expansive overview of surface modification techniques for biomedical use In-depth exploration of issues arising from metal biomaterial use Includes examples of applications in a clinical setting

Miniaturization and high precision are rapidly becoming a requirement for many industrial processes and products. As a result, there is greater interest in the use of laser microfabrication technology to achieve these goals. This book composed of 16 chapters covers all the topics of laser precision processing from fundamental aspects to industrial applications to both inorganic and biological materials. It reviews the sate of the art of research and technological development in the area of laser processing.

This book chronicles the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion held Newark, New Jersey, May 24--26, 1999. Polymeric materials are intrinsically not very adhesionable and this necessitates their surface treatment to enhance their adhesion characteristics to other materials. Since the first symposium on this topic, held in 1993, there has been a tremendous R&D activity in devising novel or ameliorating the existing techniques for surface modification of polymers. This volume contains a total of 32 papers, which have been rigorously peer-reviewed and suitably revised before inclusion in this volume. The book is divided into three parts as follows. Part 1: Plasma Surface Modification Techniques; Part 2: Other/Miscellaneous Surface Modification Techniques; and Part 3: General Papers. The topics covered include: plasma surface modification of a variety of polymers using various plasma gases; atmospheric plasma system; surface functionalization; ultrahydrophobic polymeric surfaces; metallization of plasma treated polymers; surface modification of polymers via molecular design for adhesion promotion; wet chemical methods for polymer surface modification; laser surface modification of various polymers; UV/ozone treatment; surface and interface studies of treated polymer surfaces by an array of techniques; bioadhesion of polymeric biomaterials to tissue; polymer-fiber systems; and plasma deposited coatings.

Corrosion and erosion processes often occur synergistically to cause serious damage to metal alloys. Laser surface modification techniques such as laser surface melting or alloying are being increasingly used to treat surfaces to prevent corrosion or repair corroded or damaged components. Laser surface modification of alloys for corrosion and erosion resistance reviews the wealth of recent research on these important techniques and their applications. After an introductory overview, part one reviews the use of laser surface melting and other techniques to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless and other steels as well as nickel-titanium and a range of other alloys. Part two covers the use of laser surface modification to prevent different types of erosion, including liquid impingement, slurry (solid particle) and electrical erosion as well as laser remanufacturing of damaged components. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Laser surface modification of alloys for corrosion and erosion resistance is a standard reference for all those concerned with preventing corrosion and erosion damage in metallic components in sectors as diverse as energy production and electrical engineering. Reviews recent research on the use of laser surface modification techniques, including the prevention of corrosion and repair of corroded or damaged components Discusses the techniques for improving the corrosion resistance of steels, nickel-titanium and a range of alloys Analyses the use of laser surface modification to prevent different types of erosion, including liquid impingement and laser remanufacturing of damaged components