Large Scale Collective Motion Of Atomic Nuclei

The scope of the international meeting covered a broad range of the recent developments in nuclear physics, from heavy-ion collisions from Coulomb barrier through relativisitc energies (using stable and radioactive beams), to some applications of nuclear physics and other research fields. The lectures given at the meeting range from the most recent progress to future prospects in nuclear physics research.This volume focuses on recent developments in nuclear physics, with emphasis on the investigation of processes connected with large-amplitude collective motion in nuclei, such as heavy-ion fusion, giant multipole resonances, and nuclear fission and fragmentation.

The scope of the international meeting covered a broad range of the recent developments in nuclear physics, from heavy-ion collisions from Coulomb barrier through relativisitc energies (using stable and radioactive beams), to some applications of nuclear physics and other research fields. The lectures given at the meeting range from the most recent progress to future prospects in nuclear physics research.This volume focuses on recent developments in nuclear physics, with emphasis on the investigation of processes connected with large-amplitude collective motion in nuclei, such as heavy-ion fusion, giant multipole resonances, and nuclear fission and fragmentation.

This book is a unique collection of reviews that share a common topic, emergent phenomena in atomic nuclei, while revealing the multifaceted nature of the subject, from quarks to heavy nuclei. It tells an amazing story of a decades-long journey of trials and successes, up to present days, with the aim to understand the vast array of experimental data and the fundamentals of strongly interacting fermions. The emphasis is on discovering emergent orderly patterns amidst the overarching complexity of many-particle quantum-mechanical systems. Recent findings are discussed within an interesting framework: a combination of nuclear theory and experiment, of group theory and computational science, and of pivotal models of astonishing simplicity and state-of-the-art models empowered by supercomputers.A special theme resonates throughout the book: the important role of symmetries, exact and approximate, in exposing emergent features and guiding large-scale nuclear modeling. World-renowned experts offer their unique perspective on symmetries in the world of quarks and gluons, and that of protons and neutrons — from chiral symmetry, through spin-isospin and quasi-spin symmetries, to symplectic symmetry, — as well as on the emergent nature of nuclear collectivity, clustering, and pairing, viewed from spectroscopy, microscopic considerations, and first principles. The book provides an excellent foundation that allows researchers and graduate students in physics and applied mathematics to review the current status of the subject, and to further explore the research literature through exhaustive sets of references that also point to studies underpinned by similar techniques in condensed matter and atomic physics along with quantum information.

The two most important developments in nuclear physics were the shell model and the collective model. The former gives the formal framework for a description of nuclei in terms of interacting neutrons and protons. The latter provides a very physical but phenomenological framework for interpreting the observed properties of nuclei. A third approach, based on variational and mean-field methods, brings these two perspectives together in terms of the so-called unified models. Together, these three approaches provide the foundations on which nuclear physics is based. They need to be understood by everyone practicing or teaching nuclear physics, and all those who wish to gain an understanding of the foundations of the models and their relationships to microscopic theory as given by recent developments in terms of dynamical symmetries.This book provides a simple presentation of the models and theory of nuclear collective structure, with an emphasis on the physical content and the ways they are used to interpret data. Part 1 presents the basic phenomenological collective vibrational and rotational models as introduced by Bohr and Mottelson and their many colleagues. It also describes the extensions of these models to parallel unified models in which neutrons and protons move in a mean-field with collective degrees of freedom. Part 2 presents the predominant theories used to describe the collective properties of nuclei in terms of interacting nucleons. These theories, which are shared with other many-body systems, are shown to emerge naturally from the unified models of Part 1.

"New Trends in Nuclear Collective Dynamics" emphasizes research toward understanding collective and statistical aspects of nuclear dynamics. Well-known lecturers from centers of nuclear research present reviews of recent developments. The topics covered are: -order and chaos in finite quantum systems -dissipation in heavy-ion collisions -collective motionsin warm nuclei -time-dependent mean-field theory with collision terms -nuclear fission and multi-dimensional tunneling -large-scale collective motion

The monograph describes the properties of the lightest nuclei with large excess of neutrons. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of neutron-rich isotopes with 1 ≤ Z ≤ 20 are presented while also changes in the structure of nuclei when going away from the line of β-stability are discussed. Information presented is on the mass, radii of distribution of nuclear matter, energy levels for excited states of these nuclei, the possibility of manifestation of a halo, as well as the deformation of nuclei and the quantum properties of ground states. The position of the boundary of nucleon stability for these nuclei is considered. The effects associated with weakening and even the disappearing influence of standard magic numbers and the appearance of new ones are discussed.The results presented in the book will be useful in other fields of science as well, including astrophysics.

This book presents recent results on experimental and theoretical studies of the interaction of heavy ions with nuclei at low and intermediate energies: the dynamics of fusion and decay of complex nuclear systems, the synthesis of superheavy elements, the synthesis and properties of exotic nuclei close to the proton and neutron driplines, nuclear fission, nuclear structure, and reactions with stable and radioactive ion beams. It also covers some aspects of applied physics research: track membranes and their applications, the use of polymers in medicine and electronics, production and application of radioisotopes for medical purposes, and environmental protection.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the fourth meeting in a series of topical conferences dealing with the process of nuclear fission, mainly at low excitation energy. Two chapters deal with the characteristics of one of the major fission observables, i.e. the fission fragments. The book also gives due attention to an often-neglected aspect of fission, the so-called ternary fission (i.e. fission accompanied by a charged light particle). Another chapter deals with fission barriers and cross sections and the link with astrophysics. Special attention is also given to recent applications such as accelerator-driven systems and transmutation. The last chapter discusses various interesting aspects of nuclear fission.