Language Planning And Microlinguistics

Whilst earlier studies of language planning and of standardisation have tended to study macro processes, this volume is in line with more recent work aimed at bridging the macro and the micro levels by examining how the two interact and influence each other. It covers seven countries and deals with a range of sociolinguistic constellations.

This book describes the ways in which politicians, church leaders, generals, leaders of national movements and others try to influence our use of language. Professor Cooper argues that language planning is never attempted for its own sake. Rather it is carried out for the attainment of nonlinguistic ends such as national integration, political control, economic development, the pacification of minority groups, and mass mobilization. Many examples are discussed, including the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language, feminist campaigns to eliminate sexist bias in language, adult literacy campaigns, the plain language movement, efforts to distinguish American from British spelling, the American bilingual education movement, the creation of writing systems for unwritten languages, and campaigns to rid languages of foreign terms. Language Planning and Social Change is the first book to define the field of language planning and relate it to other aspects of social planning and to social change. The book is accessible and presupposes no special background in linguistics, sociology or political science. It will appeal to applied linguists and to those sociologists, economists and political scientists with an interest in language.

Whilst earlier studies of language planning and of standardisation have tended to study macro processes, this volume is in line with more recent work aimed at bridging the macro and the micro levels by examining how the two interact and influence each other. It covers seven countries and deals with a range of sociolinguistic constellations.

Language Planning from Practice to Theory examines and reviews the field of language policy and planning. In the first section of the book language policy and planning definitions, current practices, goals and ways of thinking are discussed as a foundation for understanding current practice in the discipline. The central elements of language policy and planning practice are then described from two perspectives. In the second section, the methodology for collecting language planning data is outlined and the key cross-societal issues of language-in-education planning, literacy and economics in language planning are discussed. In the third section, case studies related to language and power, bilingualism and status and specific purpose issues in language planning are covered. The final two chapters draw together the critical issues and problems which have arisen from current practice and which must be considered in building a theory of the discipline. A reference appendix to language planning in national situations is included. The book provides the only up-to-date overview and review of the field of language policy and planning and challenges language planners to think more critically about their discipline. Since language will be planned, there is a need to consider how it will be done.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.

This revised second edition is a comprehensive overview of why we speak the languages that we do. It covers language learning imposed by political and economic agendas as well as language choices entered into willingly for reasons of social mobility, economic advantage and group identity.

Introduction:Language planning as an element in modernization /Joan Rubin and Björn H. Jernudd --[1.]The motivation and rationalization for language policy:The impact of nationalism on language planning: some comparisons between early twentieth-century Europe and more recent years in South and Southeast Asia /Joshua A. Fishman --Language as an aid and barrier to involvement in the national system /Herbert C. Kelman --Religion, language, and political mobilization /Jyotirindra Das Gupta --[2.]Case studies of language planning:Successes and failures in the movement for the restoration of Irish /John Macnamara --Spelling reform -Israel 1968 /Chaim Rabin --Language-planning processes and the language-policy survey in the Philippines /Bonifacio P. Sibayan --Some factors influencing language policies in Eastern Africa /Wilfred H. Whiteley --Language reform and social modernization in Turkey /Charles F. Gallagher --Some planning processes in the development of the Indonesian-Malay language /S. Takdir Alisjahbana --The development of Bengali since the establishment of Pakistan /Muhammad Abdul Hai --[3.]A general approach to language planning:Towards a theory of language planning /Björn H. Jernudd and Jyotirindra Das Gupta --Evaluation and language planning /Joan Rubin --Cost-benefit analysis in language planning /Thomas Thorburn --Notes on economic analysis for solving language problems /Björn H. Jernudd --A tentative classification of language-planning aims /Chaim Rabin --Instrumentalism in language planning /Einar Haugen --[4.]Research strategies and a view towards the future:Research outline for comparative studies of language planning /Joshua A. Fishman, Jyotirindra Das Gupta, Björn H. Jernudd, and Joan Rubin --A view towards the future /Joan Rubin --Some introductory references pertaining to language planning /Björn H. Jernudd and Joan Rubin.

Following the collapse of the former Yugoslavia, Croatian was declared to be a separate language, distinct from Serbian, and linguistic issues became highly politicized. This book examines the changing status and norms of the Croatian language and its relationship to Croatian national identity, focusing on the period after Croatian independence.

A detailed overview of the theories, concepts, research methods, and findings in the field of language policy is provided here in one accessible source. The author proposes new methodological, theoretical, and conceptual directions and offers guidance for doing language policy research.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.