International Code Of Signals

What started out as a minor Project in 1987, blew out like the national debt so with all this accumulated info, it seemed worthwhile to produce the first book, here now is the Latest Online Edition. The sources and references have been many and varied and although the utmost care was taken, the Lists are far from complete and may contain errors. The original Codes etc were designed principally for marine use as this was the field in which radio was initially developed. The majority retain this influence but many have been modified and modernized to cover land and air applications. Technical terms have also varied as technology has changed however most abbreviations of the computer age have been omitted. These are specialist terms of that mode, not often encountered in telegraphy.

The Bulk Collection of Signals Intelligence: Technical Options study is a result of an activity called for in Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD-28), issued by President Obama in January 2014, to evaluate U.S. signals intelligence practices. The directive instructed the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) to produce a report within one year "assessing the feasibility of creating software that would allow the intelligence community more easily to conduct targeted information acquisition rather than bulk collection." ODNI asked the National Research Council (NRC)-the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering-to conduct a study, which began in June 2014, to assist in preparing a response to the President. Over the ensuing months, a committee of experts appointed by the Research Council produced the report.

The International Code of Signals, first published in 1965, provides a means of communication in situations related to the safety both of navigation and people, especially when language difficulties arise. It is suitable for transmission by all means of communication, including radiotelephony and radiotelegraphy, and embodies the principle that each signal has a complete meaning. This new edition of the Code incorporates amendments adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee up to December 2000.