Internal Flow

This book describes the analysis and behaviour of internal flows encountered in propulsion systems, fluid machinery (compressors, turbines and pumps) and ducts (diffusers, nozzles and combustion chambers). The focus is on phenomena that are important in setting the performance of a broad range of fluid devices. The authors show that even for complex processes one can learn a great deal about the behaviour of such devices from a clear understanding and rigorous use of basic principles. Throughout the book they illustrate theoretical principles by reference to technological applications. The strong emphasis on fundamentals, however, means that the ideas presented can be applied beyond internal flow to other types of fluid motion. The book equips students and practising engineers with a range of new analytical tools. These tools offer enhanced interpretation and application of both experimental measurements and the computational procedures that characterize modern fluids engineering.

Focusing on phenomena important in implementing the performance of a broad range of fluid devices, this work describes the behavior of internal flows encountered in propulsion systems, fluid machinery (compressors, turbines, and pumps) and ducts (diffusers, nozzles and combustion chambers). The book equips students and practicing engineers with a range of new analytical tools. These tools offer enhanced interpretation and application of both experimental measurements and the computational procedures that characterize modern fluids engineering.

Static tests of an annular conical-shock inlet and an open-nose conical inlet with three lip shapes were conducted at the Langley 8-foot transonic tunnel. Measurements of pressure recovery, surface pressure, and total pressure were made through a mass-flow range extending to choking. The results indicate that the two inlets with thin sharp lips had about the same relatively poor pressure-recovery characteristics and choked at a mass-flow rate of about 78 percent of the theoretical maximum. However, both the pressure recovery and choking mass-flow rate were greatly improved by replacing the sharp lip by two alternate shapes with lip roundness and internal contraction just behind the inlet lip.

This physics-first, design-oriented textbook explains concepts of gas turbine secondary flows, reduced-order modeling methods, and 3-D CFD.