Integrated Wideband Self Interference Cancellation Techniques For Fdd And Full Duplex Wireless Communication

To enable experimental characterization of full-duplex MAC layer algorithms, a cross-layered software-defined full-duplex radio testbed has been developed. In collaboration with researchers from the field of micro-electro-mechanical systems, we demonstrate a multi-band frequency-division duplexing system using a cavity-filter-based tunable duplexer and our integrated widely-tunable self-interference-cancelling receiver.

Many wireless systems could benefit from the ability to transmit and receive on the same frequency at the same time, which is known as In-Band Full-Duplex (IBFD). This technology could lead to enhanced spectral efficiency for future wireless networks, such as fifth-generation New Radio (5G NR) and beyond, and could enable capabilities and applications that were previously considered impossible, such as IBFD with phased array systems. In this exciting new book, experts from industry, academic, and federal research institutions discuss the various approaches that can be taken to suppress the inherent self-interference that is generated in IBFD systems. Both static and adaptive techniques that span across the propagation, analog and digital domains are presented. Details and measured results that encompass high-isolation antenna designs, RF, and photonic cancellation as well as signal processing approaches, which include beamforming and linear/non-linear equalization are detailed. Throughout this book, state-of-the-art IBFD systems that utilize these technologies will be provided as practical examples for various applications. Expert IBFD perspectives from multiple research organizations and companies, which would provide readers with the most accurate state-of-the-art approaches. This is the first book that dives into both the techniques that make IBFD systems possible as well as several different applications that use IBFD technology.

This book focuses on the multidisciplinary state-of-the-art of full-duplex wireless communications and applications. Moreover, this book contributes with an overview of the fundamentals of full-duplex communications, and introduces the most recent advances in self-interference cancellation from antenna design to digital domain. Moreover, the reader will discover analytical and empirical models to deal with residual self-interference and to assess its effects in various scenarios and applications. Therefore, this is a highly informative and carefully presented book by the leading scientists in the area, providing a comprehensive overview of full-duplex technology from the perspective of various researchers, and research groups worldwide. This book is designed for researchers and professionals working in wireless communications and engineers willing to understand the challenges and solutions full-duplex communication so to implement a full-duplex system.

Discover the concepts and techniques needed to design millimeter-wave circuits for current and emerging wireless system applications.

"Full-duplex operation for wireless communications can potentially double the spectral efficiency, compared to half-duplex operation, by using the same wireless resource to transmit and receive at the cost of a large power difference between the high-power self-interference (SI) from its own transmitted signal and the low-power intended signal received from the other distant transceiver. The SI can be gradually reduced by a combination of radiofrequency (RF) and baseband cancellation stages. Each stage requires the estimation of the different distortions that the SI endures such as the SI channel and the transceiver nonlinearities. This thesis deals with the development of SI-cancellation techniques that are well-adapted to the full-duplex operation.First, we recognize the sparseness of the SI channel and exploit it to develop a compressedsensing (CS) based SI channel estimator. The obtained estimate is used to reduce the SI at the RF prior to the receiver low-noise amplifier and analog-to- digital converter to avoid overloading them. To further reduce the SI, a subspace-based algorithm is developed to jointly estimate the residual SI channel, the intended channel between the two transceivers and the transmitter nonlinearities for the baseband cancellation stage. Including the unknown received intended signal in the estimation process represents the main advantage of the proposed algorithm compared to previous data-aided estimators that assume the intended signal as additive noise. By using the second-order statistics of the received signal, it is possible to obtain the noise subspace and then to estimate the different coefficients without knowing the intended signal. Depending on the number of transmit and receive antennas, we propose to use either the received signal or a combination of the received signal and its complex conjugate. Also, we develop a semi-blind maximum likelihood (ML) estimator that combines the known pilot and unknown data symbols from the intended transceiver to formulate the likelihood function. A closed-form expression of the ML solution is first derived, and an iterative procedure is developed to further improve the estimation performance at moderate to high signal-to-noise ratio. Simulations show significant improvement in SI-cancellation gain compared to the data-aided estimators. Moreover, we present two new SI-cancellation methods using active signal injection (ASI) for full-duplex MIMO-OFDM systems. The ASI approach adds an appropriate cancelling signal to each transmitted signal such that the combined signals from transmit antennas attenuate the SI at the receive antennas. In the first method, the SI-pre-cancelling signal uses some reserved subcarriers which do not carry data. In the second method, the constellation points are dynamically extended within the constellation boundary in order to minimize the received SI. Thus, the SI-pre-cancelling signal does not affect the data-bearing signal. Simulation results show that the proposed methods considerably reduce the SI at a modest computational complexity." --

The ever-increasing demand for more data from users is pushing the development of alternative wireless technologies to improve upon network capacity. Full-Duplex radios provide an exciting opportunity to theoretically double the available spectral efficiency of wireless networks by simultaneously transmitting and receiving signals in the same frequency band. The main challenge that is presented in the implementation of a full-duplex radio is the high power transmitter leaking to the sensitive receiver chain and masking the desired receive signal to be decoded. This transmitter leakage is referred to as self interference and it is required that this self interference signal be cancelled below the receiver noise floor to achieve the full benefits of a full-duplex radio. Cancellation of the self interference signal is realized through several techniques, categorized as passive suppression, digital cancellation, and analog cancellation. These methods all have their challenges in achieving the full amount of cancellation necessary and therefore all three techniques are typically employed in the system. In this thesis, a novel digitally assisted radio frequency (RF) analog self interference canceller is proposed to suppress the self interference signal before the receiver chain for wide modulation bandwidth signals. This canceller augments minimum complexity RF-analog interference cancellation hardware that uses an RF vector multiplier in combination with a flexible digital rational function finite impulse response filter. The simple topology reduces the number of impairments added to the system through the analog components and identifies the parameters of the proposed filter in a deterministic and single iteration algorithm. The hardware proof-of-concept prototype is built using off-the-shelf RF-analog components and demonstrates excellent cancellation performance. Using four TX test signals with modulation bandwidths of 20~MHz, 40~MHz, 80~MHz, and 120~MHz, the self interference canceller achieves a minimum of 50~dB, 47~dB, 42~dB, and 40~dB of cancellation respectively. This thesis reviews the previously proposed self interference cancellation topologies, system non-idealities that provide challenges for full-duplex implementation, and the realization of the proposed RF-analog self interference canceller.

Due to the tremendous increase in wireless data traffic, one of the major challenges for future wireless systems is the utilization of the available spectrum to achieve better data rates over limited spectrum. Currently, systems operate in what is termed "Half Duplex Mode," where they are either transmitting or receiving, but never both using the same temporal and spectral resources. Full-duplex transmission promises to double the spectral efficiency where bidirectional communications is carried out over the same temporal and spectral resources. The main limitation impacting full-duplex transmission is managing the strong self-interference signal imposed by the transmit antenna on the receive antenna within the same transceiver. Several recent publications have demonstrated that the key challenge in practical full-duplex systems is un-cancelled self-interference power caused by a combination of hardware imperfections, especially Radio Frequency (RF) circuits' impairments. In this thesis, we consider the problem of self-interference cancellation in full-duplex systems. The ultimate goal of this work is to design and build a complete, real-time, full-duplex system that is capable of achieving wireless full-duplex transmission using practical hardware platforms. Since RF circuits' impairments are shown to have significant impact on the self-interference cancellation performance, first, we present a thorough analysis of the effect of RF impairments on the cancellation performance, with the aim of identifying the main performance limiting factors and bottlenecks. Second, the thesis proposes several impairments mitigation techniques to improve the overall self-interference cancellation capability by mitigating most of the transceiver RF impairments. In addition to impairments mitigation, two novel full-duplex transceiver architectures that achieve significant self-interference cancellation performance are proposed. The performance of the proposed techniques is analytically and experimentally investigated in practical wireless environments. Finally, the proposed self-interference cancellation techniques are used to build a complete full-duplex system with a 90\% experimentally proven full-duplex rate improvement compared to half-duplex systems.

"Full-duplex (FD) wireless communications can potentially double the spectral efficiency by transmitting and receiving simultaneously over the same frequency at a cost of a large power difference between the high-power self-interference (SI), and the low-power intended signal received from the remote transmitter. SI can be reduced gradually by a combination of radio-frequency (RF) and baseband SI-cancellation stages. Each stage requires the estimation of various distortions that the SI endures, such as SI-channel and transceiver nonlinearities. This thesis deals with the development of SI-cancellation techniques that are well adapted to FD operations.We address SI-cancellation for FD operations in the presence of imperfect RF components. In particular, we develop a new scheme to jointly estimate the IQ mixer imbalance, power amplifier (PA) nonlinearities, up-/down-conversion phase-noise and SI-channel. First, we study and develop a baseband model that captures the most significant transceiver RF imperfections, for both separate- and common-oscillator structures used in the up- and down-conversions. A basis expansion model (BEM) is then derived to approximate the time-varying phase-noise, and to transform the problem of estimating the time-varying phase-noise into the estimation of a set of static coefficients. Using the method of maximum likelihood (ML) criterion, the likelihood function is derived in the presence of the unknown intended signal, which leads to the joint estimation of the intended channel, the SI-channel, the nonlinear impairments and the phase-noise. When the intended signal is unknown, an iterative procedure is developed to find the ML estimate of the different parameters based on its own known transmitted data, the known pilot symbols, and the statistic of the unknown intended signal received from the intended transmitter. We consider the two pilot-insertion structures used in LTE for the frequency-multiplexed pilots and the time-multiplexed pilots. Compared to training-based techniques, the full use of the received signal significantly reduces the required number of pilot symbols. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms can offer a superior SI-cancellation performance, with the resulting signal-to-SI-and-noise ratio (SINR) being very close to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).Moreover, we study the power of SI after each cancellation stage, taking into account the transceiver impairments. One SI-cancellation scheme, which combines antenna cancellation, RF cancellation and digital cancellation, provides results from real world experiments that show the feasibility of an FD design. In general, it is difficult to assess the exact level of the SI reduction that is obtainable due to the interactions among factors such as transceiver impairments, wireless propagation channel and estimation error. We hereby identify the main factors that affect the cancellation performance. This allows for a better understanding of the obtained performance, and leads to the development of new methods that improves the cancellation capability of FD systems. We address the impact of each transceiver impairment in FD systems, and specify the limiting factors of the RF and baseband SI-cancellation stages for a given architecture. In addition, we demonstrate that reducing the SI before the LNA/ADC, via the RF SI-cancellation stage is necessary to avoid high quantization noise from the ADC. The analysis further reveals that the transmitter nonlinearities need to be modeled and canceled in the baseband SI-cancellation stage. Finally, in light of our simulation results, we discuss the trade-off between the amount of SI-cancellation and the number of cancellation stages, and propose the potential case scenarios for operations with one digital cancellation." --

With fast increasing demand of the wireless network, the current spectrum used for commercial wireless communication becomes very crowed. So it is critical to find an more efficient way to make the limited spectrum provide larger capacity and throughput. Full-duplex communication technology has caused much attention in the past ten years since it can double the spectrum efficiency theoretically. While the main challenge obstructing it promoting into the market is the self-interference problem in a full duplex system. This dissertation focus on the self-interference cancellation (SIC) theories. The RF impairments occurred in the practical full-duplex system will be discussed. Among them, the phase noise and I/Q imbalance are regarded as the bottleneck of the self-interference cancellation and a detailed analyzing will be included in this dissertation. The general self-interference cancellation methods can be divided into passive self-interference cancellation and active self-interference cancellation where the active cancellation can be further divided into digital cancellation, analog cancellation and hybrid cancellation. This dissertation will review the theories of the passive and active self-interference cancellation. For the analog cancellation, two models (quadratic model and affine model) will be explored to handle the I/Q imbalance and phase noise. Both of these two models are based on the blind tuning algorithm which has two procedures: training and optimizing. This dissertation will introduce the development of the algorithm. It contains the computer simulation results as well as the hardware experimental results to prove the validation of the proposed ideas.