Integrability Of Nonlinear Systems

This invaluable book examines qualitative and quantitative methods for nonlinear differential equations, as well as integrability and nonintegrability theory. Starting from the idea of a constant of motion for simple systems of differential equations, it investigates the essence of integrability, its geometrical relevance and dynamical consequences. Integrability theory is approached from different perspectives, first in terms of differential algebra, then in terms of complex time singularities and finally from the viewpoint of phase geometry (for both Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian systems). As generic systems of differential equations cannot be exactly solved, the book reviews the different notions of nonintegrability and shows how to prove the nonexistence of exact solutions and/or a constant of motion. Finally, nonintegrability theory is linked to dynamical systems theory by showing how the property of complete integrability, partial integrability or nonintegrability can be related to regular and irregular dynamics in phase space.

The lectures that comprise this volume constitute a comprehensive survey of the many and various aspects of integrable dynamical systems. The present edition is a streamlined, revised and updated version of a 1997 set of notes that was published as Lecture Notes in Physics, Volume 495. This volume will be complemented by a companion book dedicated to discrete integrable systems. Both volumes address primarily graduate students and nonspecialist researchers but will also benefit lecturers looking for suitable material for advanced courses and researchers interested in specific topics.

The idea of devoting a complete book to this topic was born at one of the Workshops on Nonlinear and Turbulent Processes in Physics taking place reg ularly in Kiev. With the exception of E. D. Siggia and N. Ercolani, all authors of this volume were participants at the third of these workshops. All of them were acquainted with each other and with each other's work. Yet it seemed to be somewhat of a discovery that all of them were and are trying to understand the same problem - the problem of integrability of dynamical systems, primarily Hamiltonian ones with an infinite number of degrees of freedom. No doubt that they (or to be more exact, we) were led to this by the logical process of scientific evolution which often leads to independent, almost simultaneous discoveries. Integrable, or, more accurately, exactly solvable equations are essential to theoretical and mathematical physics. One could say that they constitute the "mathematical nucleus" of theoretical physics whose goal is to describe real clas sical or quantum systems. For example, the kinetic gas theory may be considered to be a theory of a system which is trivially integrable: the system of classical noninteracting particles. One of the main tasks of quantum electrodynamics is the development of a theory of an integrable perturbed quantum system, namely, noninteracting electromagnetic and electron-positron fields.

In recent times it has been stated that many dynamical systems of classical mathematical physics and mechanics are endowed with symplectic structures, given in the majority of cases by Poisson brackets. Very often such Poisson structures on corresponding manifolds are canonical, which gives rise to the possibility of producing their hidden group theoretical essence for many completely integrable dynamical systems. It is a well understood fact that great part of comprehensive integrability theories of nonlinear dynamical systems on manifolds is based on Lie-algebraic ideas, by means of which, in particular, the classification of such compatibly bi Hamiltonian and isospectrally Lax type integrable systems has been carried out. Many chapters of this book are devoted to their description, but to our regret so far the work has not been completed. Hereby our main goal in each analysed case consists in separating the basic algebraic essence responsible for the complete integrability, and which is, at the same time, in some sense universal, i. e. , characteristic for all of them. Integrability analysis in the framework of a gradient-holonomic algorithm, devised in this book, is fulfilled through three stages: 1) finding a symplectic structure (Poisson bracket) transforming an original dynamical system into a Hamiltonian form; 2) finding first integrals (action variables or conservation laws); 3) defining an additional set of variables and some functional operator quantities with completely controlled evolutions (for instance, as Lax type representation).

This invaluable book examines qualitative and quantitative methods for nonlinear differential equations, as well as integrability and nonintegrability theory. Starting from the idea of a constant of motion for simple systems of differential equations, it investigates the essence of integrability, its geometrical relevance and dynamical consequences. Integrability theory is approached from different perspectives, first in terms of differential algebra, then in terms of complex time singularities and finally from the viewpoint of phase geometry (for both Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian systems). As generic systems of differential equations cannot be exactly solved, the book reviews the different notions of nonintegrability and shows how to prove the nonexistence of exact solutions and/or a constant of motion. Finally, nonintegrability theory is linked to dynamical systems theory by showing how the property of complete integrability, partial integrability or nonintegrability can be related to regular and irregular dynamics in phase space. Contents: Integrability: An Algebraic Approach; Integrability: An Analytic Approach; Polynomial and Quasi-Polynomial Vector Fields; Nonintegrability; Hamiltonian Systems; Nearly Integrable Dynamical Systems; Open Problems. Readership: Mathematical and theoretical physicists and astronomers and engineers interested in dynamical systems.

Presents the newer field of chaos in nonlinear dynamics as a natural extension of classical mechanics as treated by differential equations. Employs Hamiltonian systems as the link between classical and nonlinear dynamics, emphasizing the concept of integrability. Also discusses nonintegrable dynamics, the fundamental KAM theorem, integrable partial differential equations, and soliton dynamics.

This self-contained treatment covers all aspects of nonlinear dynamics, from fundamentals to recent developments, in a unified and comprehensive way. Numerous examples and exercises will help the student to assimilate and apply the techniques presented.

This distinctive volume presents a clear, rigorous grounding in modern nonlinear integrable dynamics theory and applications in mathematical physics, and an introduction to timely leading-edge developments in the field — including some innovations by the authors themselves — that have not appeared in any other book.The exposition begins with an introduction to modern integrable dynamical systems theory, treating such topics as Liouville-Arnold and Mischenko-Fomenko integrability. This sets the stage for such topics as new formulations of the gradient-holonomic algorithm for Lax integrability, novel treatments of classical integration by quadratures, Lie-algebraic characterizations of integrability, and recent results on tensor Poisson structures. Of particular note is the development via spectral reduction of a generalized de Rham-Hodge theory, related to Delsarte-Lions operators, leading to new Chern type classes useful for integrability analysis. Also included are elements of quantum mathematics along with applications to Whitham systems, gauge theories, hadronic string models, and a supplement on fundamental differential-geometric concepts making this volume essentially self-contained.This book is ideal as a reference and guide to new directions in research for advanced students and researchers interested in the modern theory and applications of integrable (especially infinite-dimensional) dynamical systems.

Nonlinear Systems and Their Remarkable Mathematical Structures aims to describe the recent progress in nonlinear differential equations and nonlinear dynamical systems (both continuous and discrete). Written by experts, each chapter is self-contained and aims to clearly illustrate some of the mathematical theories of nonlinear systems. The book should be suitable for some graduate and postgraduate students in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering sciences, as well as for researchers (both pure and applied) interested in nonlinear systems. The common theme throughout the book is on solvable and integrable nonlinear systems of equations and methods/theories that can be applied to analyze those systems. Some applications are also discussed. Features Collects contributions on recent advances in the subject of nonlinear systems Aims to make the advanced mathematical methods accessible to the non-expert in this field Written to be accessible to some graduate and postgraduate students in mathematics and applied mathematics Serves as a literature source in nonlinear systems