Infinitesimal Methods Of Mathematical Analysis

This modern introduction to infinitesimal methods is a translation of the book Métodos Infinitesimais de Análise Matemática by José Sousa Pinto of the University of Aveiro, Portugal and is aimed at final year or graduate level students with a background in calculus. Surveying modern reformulations of the infinitesimal concept with a thoroughly comprehensive exposition of important and influential hyperreal numbers, the book includes previously unpublished material on the development of hyperfinite theory of Schwartz distributions and its application to generalised Fourier transforms and harmonic analysis. This translation by Roy Hoskins was also greatly assisted by the comments and constructive criticism of Professor Victor Neves, of the University of Aveiro. Surveys modern reformulations of the infinitesimal concept with a comprehensive exposition of important and influential hyperreal numbers Includes material on the development of hyperfinite theory of Schwartz distributions and its application to generalised Fourier transforms and harmonic analysis

The most important material in the book is a hyperfinite theory of Schwartz distributions with applications to generalised Fourier transforms and harmonic analysis, and is not available in any other text on nonstandard methods."--Jacket.

A rigorous, axiomatically formulated presentation of the 'zero-square', or 'nilpotent' infinitesimal.

Infinitesimal analysis, once a synonym for calculus, is now viewed as a technique for studying the properties of an arbitrary mathematical object by discriminating between its standard and nonstandard constituents. Resurrected by A. Robinson in the early 1960's with the epithet 'nonstandard', infinitesimal analysis not only has revived the methods of infinitely small and infinitely large quantities, which go back to the very beginning of calculus, but also has suggested many powerful tools for research in every branch of modern mathematics. The book sets forth the basics of the theory, as well as the most recent applications in, for example, functional analysis, optimization, and harmonic analysis. The concentric style of exposition enables this work to serve as an elementary introduction to one of the most promising mathematical technologies, while revealing up-to-date methods of monadology and hyperapproximation. This is a companion volume to the earlier works on nonstandard methods of analysis by A.G. Kusraev and S.S. Kutateladze (1999), ISBN 0-7923-5921-6 and Nonstandard Analysis and Vector Lattices edited by S.S. Kutateladze (2000), ISBN 0-7923-6619-0

Considered by many to be Abraham Robinson's magnum opus, this book offers an explanation of the development and applications of non-standard analysis by the mathematician who founded the subject. Non-standard analysis grew out of Robinson's attempt to resolve the contradictions posed by infinitesimals within calculus. He introduced this new subject in a seminar at Princeton in 1960, and it remains as controversial today as it was then. This paperback reprint of the 1974 revised edition is indispensable reading for anyone interested in non-standard analysis. It treats in rich detail many areas of application, including topology, functions of a real variable, functions of a complex variable, and normed linear spaces, together with problems of boundary layer flow of viscous fluids and rederivations of Saint-Venant's hypothesis concerning the distribution of stresses in an elastic body.

The Origins of Infinitesimal Calculus focuses on the evolution, development, and applications of infinitesimal calculus. The publication first ponders on Greek mathematics, transition to Western Europe, and some center of gravity determinations in the later 16th century. Discussions focus on the growth of kinematics in the West, latitude of forms, influence of Aristotle, axiomatization of Greek mathematics, theory of proportion and means, method of exhaustion, discovery method of Archimedes, and curves, normals, tangents, and curvature. The manuscript then examines infinitesimals and indivisibles in the early 17th century and further advances in France and Italy. Topics include the link between differential and integral processes, concept of tangent, first investigations of the cycloid, and arithmetization of integration methods. The book reviews the infinitesimal methods in England and Low Countries and rectification of arcs. The publication is a vital source of information for historians, mathematicians, and researchers interested in infinitesimal calculus.

Introducing calculus at the basic level, this text covers hyperreal numbers and hyperreal line, continuous functions, integral and differential calculus, fundamental theorem, infinite sequences and series, infinite polynomials, more. 1979 edition.

299 G(t), and to obtain the corresponding properties of its Laplace transform (called the resolvent of - A) R(p) = (A + pl)-l , whose existence is linked with the spectrum of A. The functional space framework used will be, for simplicity, a Banach space(3). To summarise, we wish to extend definition (2) for bounded operators A, i.e. G(t) = exp( - tA) , to unbounded operators A over X, where X is now a Banach space. Plan of the Chapter We shall see in this chapter that this enterprise is possible, that it gives us in addition to what is demanded above, some supplementary information in a number of areas: - a new 'explicit' expression of the solution; - the regularity of the solution taking into account some conditions on the given data (u , u1,f etc ... ) with the notion of a strong solution; o - asymptotic properties of the solutions. In order to treat these problems we go through the following stages: in § 1, we shall study the principal properties of operators of semigroups {G(t)} acting in the space X, particularly the existence of an upper exponential bound (in t) of the norm of G(t). In §2, we shall study the functions u E X for which t --+ G(t)u is differentiable.