Improvement Of Hydrophilicity Of Linenized Polyester Fabric By Plasma

Polyester, the dominating fiber in the clothing industry has undergone tremendous changes related to structure, properties to meet the market requirements. Linenized Polyester, a modification of polyester gives the natural linen fabric look and comfort. Improvement of hydrophilicity is the need for almost all synthetic fibers to improve their comfort properties for wear. Application of plasma technology in textiles is bringing the possibilities improving the basic nature of fabrics. This book deals with the successful implementation of improvement of Linenized Polyester hydrophilicity by plasma treatment.

In this research, polyester, nylon, silk and cotton fabrics were surface modified by 20 and 40 shots of plasma oxygen and nitrogen plasmas generated from a theta-pinch device. SEM photographs revealed etching effect on the surface of all plasma-treated fabrics causing the surface roughness. The wetting time measurement indicated an enhancement of the surface hydrophilicity with increasing number of plasma shots dus to the formation of hydrophilic groups on the fabric surface. This is confirmed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. However, burning characteristics of all plasma-trated fabrics were unchanged after exposing to the plasma. After dyeing with selected dyes, it was found that oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments did not affected dyeing with selected dyes, it was found that oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments didnot affected dyeing properties and colorfastness to washing of highly hydrophilic silk and cotton fabrics. However, the gas type and the number of plasma shots significantly affected these two properties of PET and nylon 6 fabrics. In order to improve there properties, optimum conditions for surface modification of PET and nylon 6 fabrics were achieved when 20 shots and 40 shots of nitrogen plasma were applied, respectively.

Papermaking is a fascinating art and technology. The second edition of this successful 2 volume handbook provides a comprehensive view on the technical, economic, ecologic and social background of paper and board. It has been updated, revised and largely extended in depth and width including the further use of paper and board in converting and printing. A wide knowledge basis is a prerequisite in evaluating and optimizing the whole process chain to ensure efficient paper and board production. The same is true in their application and end use. The book covers a wide range of topics: * Raw materials required for paper and board manufacturing such as fibers, chemical additives and fillers * Processes and machinery applied to prepare the stock and to produce the various paper and board grades including automation and trouble shooting * Paper converting and printing processes, book preservation * The different paper and board grades as well as testing and analysing fiber suspensions, paper and board products, and converted or printed matters * Environmental and energy factors as well as safety aspects. The handbook will provide professionals in the field, e. g. papermakers as well as converters and printers, laymen, students, politicians and other interested people with the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the state-of- the-art techniques and aspects involved in paper making, converting and printing.

On hand paper making in India.