Impacts Of Climate Change On Rainfall Extremes And Urban Drainage Systems

Impacts of Climate Change on Rainfall Extremes and Urban Drainage Systems provides a state-of-the-art overview of existing methodologies and relevant results related to the assessment of the climate change impacts on urban rainfall extremes as well as on urban hydrology and hydraulics. This overview focuses mainly on several difficulties and limitations regarding the current methods and discusses various issues and challenges facing the research community in dealing with the climate change impact assessment and adaptation for urban drainage infrastructure design and management. Authors: Patrick Willems, University of Leuven, Hydraulics division; Jonas Olsson, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering; Simon Beecham, University of South Australia, School of Natural and Built Environments; Assela Pathirana, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education; Ida Bulow Gregersen, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering; Henrik Madsen, DHI Water & Environment, Water Resources Department; Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen, McGill University, Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics

Extreme rainfall events have a long history of causing large economic damages in urban areas and even loss of human life. Reliable estimates of extreme rainfall intensities for different rainfall durations are essential for the effective planning of drainage systems under climate change to balance the construction costs and potential damages caused by future extreme rainfall events. The information required for design rainfall events can be obtained through frequency analysis of extreme rainfall. However, extreme rainfall quantiles obtained from the traditional approach of frequency analysis have become increasingly unreliable under climate change. With increasing global temperatures and the uneven distribution of atmosphere moisture, the frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events can experience accelerated changes. Thus, urban drainage systems designed based on extreme rainfall quantiles obtained from historical records are becoming increasingly ineffective. Under the impacts of climate change, extreme rainfall events are becoming one of the most destructive natural hazards in the world. Frequency analysis of the extreme rainfall events used to estimate the probability of exceedance of extreme rainfall events of a given magnitude in the future context can generate unreliable estimates under climate change because of two issues. Firstly, there are often insufficient data records available for the quantification of extreme rainfall events of interest from a design perspective. Since extreme rainfall events are rare, there is large uncertainty in quantile estimates obtained from using only the information from the site of interest. Thus, regional frequency analysis, which expands the data records through gathering information from sites sharing similar rainfall patterns, is widely used and is applied in this research. Secondly, the traditional assumption that there is a repetitive pattern in the occurrences of extreme rainfall events has become invalid in a nonstationary environment. Since extreme rainfall patterns can be altered in the future, estimates for rainfall quantiles obtained from using frequency analysis in a historical stationary environment can be unreliable when applied for future conditions. Further research is required into applying the regional frequency analysis approach for the estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles under climate change. To provide reliable regional estimates of rainfall quantiles for different rainfall durations under climate change, this research improves regional frequency analysis through exploring the following issues: 1) An improved procedure for homogeneous group formation for historical stationary periods. Extreme rainfall events have been affected by climate change. A three-layer searching algorithm is proposed for homogeneous group formation in a stationary environment for the consideration of climate change impacts on the spatial distribution of extreme rainfall events. 2) An adjustment procedure for homogeneous group formation in the future stationary environment. Under the assumption that extreme rainfall patterns remain stationary within a 30-year period, a procedure is proposed to adjust the optimal homogeneous group formation from the previous temporal periods to reflect conditions in future 30-year periods. 3) A procedure used for rainfall quantile estimation in a future nonstationary environment. Under the assumption that the extreme rainfall series exhibit nonstationary behavior during the whole future period, a one-step forward procedure is constructed based on the unscented Kalman filter to consider the potential non-monotonic change behavior of extreme rainfall events at different return periods. In this approach, the homogeneous groups are formed using a trend centered pooling approach. The proposed methodology fills the gaps of considering climate change impacts on homogeneous group formation in both historical and future stationary environments and challenges the assumption of monotonic change behavior of extreme rainfall quantiles used in the traditional regional frequency analysis for stations exhibiting nonstationary behavior. The proposed procedures have been extensively tested using large sets of climate data in both historical and future contexts and have been shown to improve the extreme rainfall quantile estimates in both historical and future contexts.

This open access book brings together research findings and experiences from science, policy and practice to highlight and debate the importance of nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas. Emphasis is given to the potential of nature-based approaches to create multiple-benefits for society. The expert contributions present recommendations for creating synergies between ongoing policy processes, scientific programmes and practical implementation of climate change and nature conservation measures in global urban areas. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation

Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Existing urban drainage infrastructure is heavily reliant on current guidelines that govern how infrastructure systems are designed to withstand the potential risk of flooding. However, climate change and an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have cast doubt on the current methodology and standards for designing urban drainage infrastructure systems. This groundbreaking book, authored by a leading expert in the field, delves into the crucial intersection of urban planning, climate resilience, and infrastructure design. It navigates the complexities of adapting drainage systems to cope with the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. From torrential downpours to rising sea levels, the book offers innovative solutions tailored to the unique challenges faced by urban environments in the 21st century. Through meticulous research and practical insights, Resilient Urban Drainage System Strategies for Extreme Weather equips engineers, planners, and policymakers with the knowledge and tools necessary to fortify cities against the impacts of climate change. This book showcases best practices and cutting-edge technologies, empowering readers to implement resilient strategies that safeguard communities, infrastructure, and natural ecosystems. Whether you're a seasoned professional seeking advanced techniques or a newcomer eager to understand the evolving landscape of urban resilience, this guide is an indispensable resource for shaping a sustainable future in an era of unprecedented environmental challenges. Key Features: Promotes the concept of resilient urban drainage system solutions to bridge the critical design gap related to extreme weather due to climate change in the " New Normal" era Discusses a variety of strategic design approaches for large-scale drainage systems, including fail-safe, safe-to-fail, and robust decision making (RDM) Incorporates failure effects into design and management processes while demonstrating alternative solutions to supplement current design methodologies Demonstrates how low-impact development techniques and natural systems can be used to enhance current drainage systems Supplements the existing drainage system design criteria for extreme weather via a simplified approach and advancement of a multi-scalar perspective on resilience WAV offers instructional material for classroom use (lecture slides, exercise solutions, etc.)--available from the Web Added Value(TM) Download Resource Center at jrosspub.com

Urban areas are home to over half the world's people and are at the forefront of the climate change issue. The need for a global research effort to establish the current understanding of climate change adaptation and mitigation at the city level is urgent. To meet this goal a coalition of international researchers - the Urban Climate Change Research Network (UCCRN) - was formed at the time of the C40 Large Cities Climate Summit in New York in 2007. This book is the First UCCRN Assessment Report on Climate Change and Cities. The authors are all international experts from a diverse range of cities with varying socio-economic conditions, from both the developing and developed world. It is invaluable for mayors, city officials and policymakers; urban sustainability officers and urban planners; and researchers, professors and advanced students.

Key concepts in mineralogy and petrology are explained alongside beautiful full-color illustrations, in this concisely written textbook.