Identifying Suspects with Unique Features Distorts Witness Memory for the Culprit's Face
Author | : Jennifer Marie Jones |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : Cognitive psychology |
ISBN | : |
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The current study was designed to assess the long-lived but untested belief amongst researchers that after making a misidentification, witnesses' memory for the original perpetrator will change to match the appearance of the innocent suspect. Participants viewed a video of a staged crime and made an identification from either a culprit-present or absent lineup that was either unaltered or displayed the designated-suspect with a tattoo. After randomly receiving feedback or no feedback, participants provided their recall of the perpetrator's appearance. Lineups included only one viable "designated-suspect," who looked undoubtedly the most like the perpetrator relative to the other fillers, despite having a tattoo on his cheek and neck. As expected, participant-witnesses who made an identification of a suspect with a tattoo on his face went on to report that the perpetrator in the crime video had a tattoo significantly more often than participants who were not exposed to a unique feature during the lineup identification. Further, this study reproduced the standard feedback effect, as participant-witnesses who received confirming feedback for their misidentification reported higher confidence in their identification decision and inflated reliability in other retrospective judgments. Contrary to our predictions, participant-witnesses who received confirming feedback were not significantly more likely to integrate the misinformation into their subsequent description of the perpetrator, compared to those who did not receive feedback.