Human Development In India

This book deals with issues in economic development in India. It highlights those factors that are indicative of India’s emergence in the global economy yet indicates negative "trickle down" effects, such as malnutrition, poverty, bonded labourers, high adult unemployment and the widespread use of child labour. Focusing on structural deficiencies for a steady growth rate, and how to make growth inclusive, the book examines duality in development and the factors standing between national economic prosperity and human development. The author analyses issues concerning international trade, technology, access to food, inequality and poverty, and the "catching up" of developing countries. A novel approach to the analysis of the Indian economy and other developing countries in the 21st century, this book advocates development as a form of governance. With India as a case study, this book provides a solid framework for looking at developing economies which will be useful to policy-makers and to graduate and post-doctoral students and researchers in the areas of development studies and economics, industrialisation and structural change.

Human Development in India is an invaluable report for policymakers, researchers, non-governmental organizations, international agencies, and interested readers---from India and abroad---who wish to know more about one of the fastest growing economies in the world. --Book Jacket.

The ultimate objective of all economic efforts is human development which encompasses quality of life, the level of well-being and access to basic social services. The pattern of economic development in India since Independence in 1947 has left in its trail a variety of inequalities which have caused socio-politico tensions. While the economy has performed well in terms of growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP), its performance in terms of human development indicators has been unsatisfactory. The social security situation in India is characterised by ambiguity in policy and responsibility. There is a variety of schemes but these have been framed at various points of time and, therefore, do not conform to any overall design reflecting a comprehensive and consistent policy or direction. A comprehensive concept of living standards includes the satisfaction of basic needs like food, clothing and shelter as well as normal satisfactions of family life, enjoyment of physical and mental health, opportunities for the expression of skills and recreational abilities, and active and pleasurable social participation. This book contains 9 well-researched papers -- authored by scholars in the field -- which provide deep insights into various dimensions of human development and social security in India. Besides, the social security vision of the Second National Commission on Labour is reproduced in an Appendix to the book.

Questioning whether certain sections of Indian society suffer from multiple deprivations, the Indian Human Development Report 2011 evaluates whether the social indicators of the excluded groups are converging or diverging with the rest of the population. The Report addresses three critical issues: (i) Do different social groups like the SCs, STs, and Muslims get excluded from the development process? (ii) Has India experienced inclusive growth in the true sense? (iii) How are flagship programmes/schemes of the government dealing with some of these concerns? Rich in data and analyses, this Report examines: human development index and profile for India and its states; economic attainment of the population, especially in terms of the two major sources of income-employment and assets; availability, access, and absorption of food and state of hunger and malnutrition; health indicators vis-a-vis inputs, processes, and outcomes; achievements and challenges in education; state of support infrastructure such as roads, electricity, housing, and telephony; and challenges facing vulnerable sections of India's population-child labourers, the elderly, and the disabled.

Human development demands that all social groups have equal access to the services provided by the State and have equal opportunity for upward economic and social mobility. It is also necessary to ensure that there is no discrimination against any section of the society. India's constitution contains various provisions for the development of marginalized groups. Their individual and collective growth, however, cannot be ensured without improving their surroundings and providing basic necessities of life. The major challenges of human development in India are: the measurement and aggregation of human development * the manifestation of poverty in all dimensions of life * the drop out rate and stagnation in primary education * a greater demand for higher education than what is currently available * decontextualization of the present system of education * persistent regional disparities and social inequalities * unregulated human activity and the unsustainable use of environmental resources * the gross under valuation of women's economic contribution. The book, consisting of 24 scholarly articles, provides valuable material on various dimensions of human development in India. It also makes practicable recommendations in this context.

"Information on human development in India has depended heavily on Western-oriented concepts. However, Indian academia over the past three decades has emphasised and pursued indigenous culture-specific conceptualisations. This volume links together the general concepts in psychology, sociology and, to some extent, anthropology, to focus on the culture-specific development of the Indian and to present a holistic perspective." "Human Development in the Indian Context: A Socio-Cultural Focus, Vol. I contains essential information for an understanding of the nature of development of the Indian psyche and ethos. In this context, the author examines the significant aspects of development. In doing so, she presents a paradigm of an eclectic point of view, analysing basic concepts, sources and knowledge of human development in the Indian situation. She also discusses the critical skills required of the individual, the identity of the Indian and his adaptive resilience to the heterogeneity of his culture. This volume provides information to new readers and is a reference book targeted at university students, developmental institutions and to some extent, the students of comparative Asian studies."--BOOK JACKET.

Caste-based reservations have existed in India for more than a century. Initially introduced by the British to bring about equal of opportunity in education, reservation was later extended to other sectors of the development process to overcome the economic inequalities attributed to caste. Even today, concepts like affirmative action and quotas are being debated to justify reservation. Caste-based Reservations and Human Development in India comprehensively analyses the impact of such reservations on the target groups, as well as on major human development indices, taking into consideration time series data. An alternative strategy of applying the democratic principle of caste-based reservation is also discussed.

Human Development in an Unequal World deals with the twenty-first-century challenges of unstable economic growth and sustainability and the re-emergence of deprivations and inequalities in multiple realms. It argues that the broader perspective of human development is most suited in reorienting development towards a more equitable, sustainable, and empowering world. The authors discuss the concept and philosophy of the capabilities and human development approach, its measurement, the links between economic growth and human development, and the role of social sector policy, gender equality, and securing sustainability. In doing so, they analyse frameworks, processes, institutions, and actors, and weave together concepts, methods, and evidence from numerous developing countries. The chapters offer an integrated understanding of the importance of capabilities, freedoms, and human flourishing in the process of development. This volume calls for an approach that focuses on the humanness of development and brings people back to the centre stage—a phenomenon that has receded to the background in the neoliberal era.