Hugo Grotius The Portuguese And Free Trade In The East Indies

This book considers the background to the treatises, their content and significance, and what Grotius actually knew about Southeast Asian polities or Portuguese institutions of trade and diplomacy when he wrote them. --

An in-depth study of Hugo Grotius' involvement with the Dutch East India Company or VOC, this monograph uncovers the ideological origins of the First Dutch Empire, particularly the implications of Grotius’ rights theories for European merchants and their indigenous trading partners.

The freedom of the seas -- meaning both the oceans of the world and coastal waters -- has been among the most contentious issues in international law for the past four hundred years. The most influential argument in favour of freedom of navigation, trade, and fishing was that put forth by the Dutch theorist Hugo Grotius in his 1609 'Mare Liberum'. "The Free Sea" was originally published in order to buttress Dutch claims of access to the lucrative markets of the East Indies. It had been composed as the twelfth chapter of a larger work, "De Jure Praedae" ('On the Law of Prize and Booty'), which Grotius had written to defend the Dutch East India Company's capture in 1603 of a rich Portuguese merchant ship in the Straits of Singapore. This new edition publishes the only translation of Grotius's masterpiece undertaken in his own lifetime -- a work left in manuscript by the English historian and promoter of overseas exploration Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). This volume also contains William Welwod's critque of Grotius (reprinted for the first time since the seventeenth century) and Grotius's reply to Welwod. Taken together, these documents provide an indispensable introduction to modern ideas of sovereignty and property as they emerged from the early-modern tradition of natural law. -- Back cover.

The Freedom of the Seas (originally titled in Latin: Mare Liberum) is a book in Latin on international law written by the Dutch jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius, first published in 1609. In The Free Sea, Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all nations were free to use it for seafaring trade. The disputation was directed towards the Portuguese Mare clausum policy and their claim of monopoly on the East Indian Trade. Grotius wrote the treatise while being a counsel to the Dutch East India Company over the seizing of the Santa Catarina Portuguese carrack issue.This edition contains both Latin and English versions, as translated by Ralph Van Deman Magoffin.

"Commissioned in October 1604 by the United Dutch East India Company, Hugo Grotius's Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty was intended to justify the Dutch capture in 1603 of a wealthy Portuguese merchantman, the Santa Catarina, in the Strait of Singapore. In a clever and intricate defense of international free trade, Grotius (1583-1645) introduced the notion of a man as a sovereign and free individual with a right to self-defense and, by extension, the right of a company of private merchants to establish a trade empire."--Jacket.

"Mare Liberum" is a book (originally written in Latin) on international law written by the Dutch jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius. In Mare Liberum, Grotius formulated the new principle that the sea was international territory and all nations were free to use it for seafaring trade. The disputation was directed towards the Portuguese Mare Clausum policy and their claim of monopoly on the East Indian Trade. Grotius wrote the treatise while counsel to the Dutch East India Company over the seizure of the Portuguese carrack "Santa Catarina".Hugo Grotius (10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), was a jurist in the Dutch Republic. With Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. He was also a philosopher, theologian, Christian apologist, playwright, and poet.

Contains papers from a conference on De iure praedae, held in June 2005 at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences.

Admiral Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge was a Director in the Rotterdam chamber of the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) for three decades in the early 17th century. In May 1605 he set sail from the Dutch Republic with a fleet of 11 ships, and in the following year launched an unsuccessful attack on Portuguese Melaka. After visiting various locations in the region and signing landmark treaties with the rulers of Johor (1606) and Ternate (1607), he returned to the Netherlands in 1608. There he wrote a series of epistolary reports and memoranda that were carefully studied by leading policy makers in the Republic, among them the renowned jurist Hugo Grotius, and the politician and diplomat Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. Early VOC policy for south-eastern Asia drew heavily on Matelieff's submissions, and the materials reproduced in this volume provide candid insights into key elements of VOC strategy, trade, security and regional diplomacy, as well as Dutch relations with Spain and Portugal. Here translated into English for the first time, this collection of Matelieff's writings is an invaluable resource for students of business history, early colonial history, and the history of international law.

Four hundred years ago, the Dutch humanist and jurisconsult Hugo Grotius was commissioned by the United Netherlands' East India Company (VOC) to write a defence of Admiral Jakob van Heemskerk's seizure of a Portuguese merchant carrack in the Straits of Singapore (February 1603). At the time he was twenty-one years old. What Grotius produced between 1604 and 1606 is a comprehensive political and historical exposeacute; on war. Today, this work is known as De Jure Praedae Commentarius, or quot;Commentary on Law of Prize and Bootyquot;. Only part of this comprehensive manuscript was published during its author's lifetime and is known as Mare Liberum or quot;The Free Seaquot; (1609). Mare Liberum is essentially a propagandistic treatise and argues for Holland's merchants to freely access emporia in Asia by unimpeded navigation across the high seas. The freedom of navigation forms a subset to the overarching arguments on the freedom of access and trade. This particular assessment of Mare Liberum stands in sharp contrast to past interpretations, insofar as these have placed the 'freedom of the seas' - and not the broader issues surrounding 'free trade' - at the forefront of scholarly attention. From this vantage point, Grotius was surprisingly consistent in his thinking on the broader issues of maritime trade and navigation.During the first two decades of the seventeenth century, Grotius lent a helping hand in the process of forging political and commercial treaties between the VOC and Asian rulers. Far from championing peace and the freedom of navigation on the high seas for which the Dutch humanist is best remembered in modern times, Grotius should also assume a place among the intellectual fathers of Dutch colonial rule in Asia.