How To Succeed At Understanding Gravity

Gravity Physics explained from a quantized gravity collision theory and quantized photon collision theory perspective. Introduces the concept of discontinuous, discreet, free-state and bound-state quantum mass and photon quantum perspectives as applied to General Relativity continuous mathematics. Provides a brief introduction to General Relativity continuous 4-velocity Riemann Tensor mathematics from a discreet, discontinuous, quantized collision theory mathematics perspective and implications to the Standard Model. Note:This book is an incomplete and evolving research manuscript which will correct syntax and errors in logic as they are discovered or validated by experiment in future theoretical investigations. Version 3.0 adds a chapter on Quantum Gravity, solutions to objections to collision theory approaches, detailed derivations for General Relativity, relationship to Gauss's Law and adds glossary definitions for matrix and group theory. Version 4.0 will provide more rigorous mathematics as quantum derivations and gravity derivations are explored in the companion books, "How to Succeed at Understanding Quantum Field Theory" and "How to Succeed at Understanding Newtonian Physics" M. Hatcher. This book is a more rigorous companion book to "How to Succeed at Understanding the Universe" and "How to Succeed at Understanding Physics; Alternative Physics".

Currently, the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) describes the physics of the very large in terms of classical physics, while quantum theory describes the physics of the very small in terms of the Standard Model of particle physics. Unfortunately, the two theories are incompatible and do not describe satisfactorily all the forces between the various particles comprising ordinary matter. At present, one of the deepest problems in theoretical physics is harmonizing the GTR, which describes gravitation, with quantum mechanics, which describes the other three fundamental forces acting on the atomic scale. The main aim of the book is to provide an understanding of gravity in terms of a quantum theory given by the Generation Model of particle physics. The book presents a fully quantum theory of gravity, which describes both the large cosmological scale and the small atomic scale interactions between all particles.

Version 9.0 adds (9) professional papers submitted to the APS Physics Review D as regular papers explaining how dark matter, dark energy, gravity, the LIGOS experimental results, and explaining General Relativity and Special Relativity at the sub-Planck size scale. It adds an introductory argument for why wave packet theory and GR is only an approximation to baryogenesis and formation of other particles of the standard model. A better sub-Planck scale theory is the (CAE) theory presented to describe a particle-based gravity theory currently ignored and unexplored by mainstream gravity wave physicists and black hole physicists unwilling to abandon GR for a version more accurately modeling quantum particle behaviors in empty space. Version 8.0 updates concepts of composite picture images of interference patterns and corrects some syntax errors. It adds discussion of "reality" and "locality" loopholes in Bell's inequality theorems and points out the problem is a problem of "simultaneous realism" with the human reference frame definition of "simultaneous", rather than a particle reference frame definition of "simultaneous" in a local-space only collision. All physics is local while remote observations can create "illusions" and "distortions" of this local space particle collision reality. Version 7.0 corrects a mistake in describing curved motion of free space photons as the magnetic field. What is curved is the field lines. Motion of the photons between electrons is direct between photon emission and absorption paths. The collision interactions cause the electrons and thus the molecules to arrange in curved paths (field lines) described by Gauss's Law and Quantum Field theory derivations. Includes a Planck scale derivation for Gauss's Law. There is very little difference between version 7.0 and version 6.0. Version 6.0 changes to a smaller formatted book and adds discussion about dark energy, dark matter cosmology implications for fundamental physics particle searches (neutralinos, axions, wimpzillas, etc.). Version 5.0 reduces redundancy and shortens the book for greater clarity and reduced price. Version 4.0 explains the meaning of "instantaneous" and "simultaneous" events and why the collapse of a wave packet or human scale measurements are never "instantaneous". Redefines Newton/Leibniz differential and integral mathematics to quantized, discreet, discontinuous mathematics having finite limits rather than approach zeroes and infinities. Contains explanations for why "reality" was debated between Neils Bohr and Einstein with detailed explanations for why quantum wave-duality is not a realistic description of nature at the Planck size scale and below. Includes glossary terms for matrix mechanics mathematics of Heisenberg and explanation of why quantum scale collisions commute when space is scaled to local events, [P][Q]-[Q][P] >h/2pi is a global frame "illusion", when changing frames of reference and considering speed of light, opposite energy and forces commute at the Planck scale particle's local frame only [P][Q]-[-Q][P] = 0. Version 3.0 acknowledges credit to gravity collision theory discoveries of Fatio and LaSage. Version 2.0 makes additional syntax changes and clarifies specific concepts in more detail than version 1.0 Alternative Interpretation of E=hv, electron-photon capture, existence threshold and interaction principles which do not violate any current experimental evidence. Attempts to explain existence theorem, energy-mass interaction, gravity concept and what happens to a photon after absorption and before radiation. Version 1.0 is now an original work limited edition distribution copy of "Alternative Physics" as distribution channels for version 1.0 are soon disabled. Those lucky few individuals who have a copy of version 1.0 now possess a rare and limited "original work" first published on Oct 17, 2012 which the author is willing to sign and stamp at some future book signing opportunity.

Newtonian Physics explained from a quantized gravity collision theory and quantized photon collision theory perspective. Introduces the concept of discontinuous, discreet, free-state and bound-state quantum mass and photon quantum perspectives as applied to Newtonian continuous mathematics. Provides a brief introduction to Quantum Field Theory continuous wave packet mathematics from a discreet, discontinuous, quantized collision theory mathematics perspective and implications to the Standard Model. Note: This book is an incomplete and evolving research manuscript which will correct syntax and errors in logic as they are discovered or validated by experiment in future theoretical investigations. Version 2.0 adds a glossary and initial framework for discontinuous differential mathematics. Version 3.0 provides more rigorous mathematics for Finite, quantized Newtonian calculations. Version 4.0 will expand on quantized, discreet mathematics as quantum derivations and gravity derivations are explored in the companion books, "How to Succeed at Understanding Quantum Field Theory" and "How to Succeed at Understanding Gravity Field Theory" M. Hatcher. This book is a more rigorous companion book to "How to Succeed at Understanding the Universe" and "How to Succeed at Understanding Physics; Alternative Physics".

Thought provoking analysis of new ways of thinking about the universe. Version 3.0 adds solutions and explains contradictions observed in Cepheid and Type Ia supernova universe expansion curves, galaxy rotation curves and dark energy/dark matter observations as "time-sliced" mass quantum particle collisions in local space geometry originating from distant emission "deep time" events. Extends but does not invalidate the approximations of Quantum Field Theory or general relativity. Mass quantum "halos" traveling at constant velocity speeds and variable energy levels (angular spin velocity) originating from deep space and distant time cause changes in inertia in local space particle collisions creating the observed changes in the inertia of gas clouds and stars in galaxies known today as dark energy and dark matter observations. This "invisible matter" is no longer present in these galaxies for the same reason photons are no longer present in these galaxies because they have identical absorption/emission behaviors but differ by magnitude in energy effects by 1.0x10(40) in scale. Dark energy and dark matter are not currently present in these composite "time-slice" images, but mass quantum collision events in the past causes composite image dark matter effects in the same way photons can cause two massive steel plates to change inertia toward each other. This book explains why there is a difference in observed photons radiated from accelerated electrons in photon fields and why no photons are radiated from accelerated electrons in a gravitational field. This cannot be currently explained by either quantum field theory or general relativity. It can be explained by mass quantum local collision theory and screening geometry as a function of different particles with almost identical behaviors weakly interacting with each other to create observed quantum scale and cosmology scale phenomenon. Version 2.0 adds foundations for quantized discreet mathematics to modify existing Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity cosmology equations to restrict calculations to finite values and limits of finite reality by removing zeroes and infinities in the mathematics of number theory, geometry, trigonometry, differential calculus and integral calculus. Adds an explanation the Higgs mechanism is an short lived, electroweak decay mechanism at high 1.25GeV collision energies, not a long acting gravity mechanism or free-state mass quantum mechanism causing gravity. The Higgs may absorb and emit free-state mass quantum in the decay process forming other bosons, electron's, neutrinos, and quarks of different masses. Adds a glossary for matrix mechanics and general relativity tensor definitions. Minor version 1.1 update includes calculations for black hole, neutron star and supernova mass quantum boson collision size and relative collision density of "weak gravity" environment to black hole event horizon environment. Estimates the size of the mass quantum "boson" at 8.04e-50m and smaller than a photon "boson" at 1.6e-31m. Includes formulations for boson collision mathematics, new equations for inertia, acceleration, and descriptions for what happens inside the electron during photon capture. Dispels myth and human analogies which are incorrect about worm holes, time travel, wave duality, quantum entanglement and multiverses. Provides rules for realistic physical interpretations of boson collision and gravity interactions. Note: This book is an incomplete and evolving research manuscript which will correct syntax and errors in logic as they are discovered or validated by experiment in future theoretical investigations and companion books "How to Succeed at Understanding Physics", "How to Succeed at Understanding Gravity", How to Succeed at Understanding Newtonian Theory" and "How to Succeed at Understanding Quantum Field Theory" M. Hatcher. Energy Physics LLC affiliation.

It is in understanding the Gravity of the Matter that surrounds us, that we may possibly someday soon lose the hold that gravity has on us; being able to move across space untethered and unchained by its grasp. Transport to far distant stars and planets in other galaxies may soon be realized. We are living in the early twenty-first century, almost 100 years after Einstein's theories were developed. These theories became the foundation of quantum mechanics and modern theoretical physics that is taught in our schools today. Is it not time to begin questioning these old theories again? As Albert Einstein himself said:“To deny the aether is ultimately to assume that empty space has no physical qualities whatever. The fundamental facts of mechanics do not harmonize with this view…"

A simple explanation of gravity relates to the Higgs mechanism and the Pauli exclusion principle. By the latter, matter cannot occupy the same space other matter occupies, but light energy superimposes to be nearly invisible to other light. By the Higgs mechanism, light energy converts to matter. By its interaction, matter also converts back to light energy. Light speed is also slower in a gravitational field. There is thus a positive field of energy maintaining matter that emits light energy for a vacuum effect consistent with the inverse square law. As a recycling effect, it is also consistent with Einstein's cosmological constant and the cosmological principle of the big bang theory. Tired light is also included for dark energy whereby the Hubble Constant divided by light speed equates the ratio of gravitational force to electromagnetic force.

Here it is, in a nutshell: the history of one genius’s most crucial work – discoveries that were to change the face of modern physics. In the early 1900s, Albert Einstein formulated two theories that would forever change the landscape of physics: the Special Theory of Relativity and the General Theory of Relativity. Respected American academic Professor Tai Chow tells us the story of these discoveries. He details the basic ideas of Einstein, including his law of gravitation. Deftly employing his inimitable writing style, he goes on to explain the physics behind black holes, weaving into his account an explanation of the structure of the universe and the science of cosmology.

Gravity is one of the four fundamental interactions that exist in nature. It also has the distinction of being the oldest, weakest, and most difficult force to quantize. Understanding gravity is not only essential for understanding the motion of objects on Earth, but also the motion of all celestial objects, and even the expansion of the Universe itself. It was the study of gravity that led Einstein to his profound realisations about the nature of space and time. Gravity is not only universal, it is also essential for understanding the behaviour of the Universe, and all astrophysical bodies within it. In this Very Short Introduction Timothy Clifton looks at the development of our understanding of gravity since the early observations of Kepler and Newtonian theory. He discusses Einstein's theory of gravity, which now supplants Newton's, showing how it allows us to understand why the frequency of light changes as it passes through a gravitational field, why GPS satellites need their clocks corrected as they orbit the Earth, and why the orbits of distant neutron stars speed up. Today, almost 100 years after Einstein published his theory of gravity, we have even detected the waves of gravitational radiation that he predicted. Clifton concludes by considering the testing and application of general relativity in astrophysics and cosmology, and looks at dark energy and efforts such as string theory to combine gravity with quantum mechanics. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Currently, the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) describes the physics of the very large in terms of classical physics, while quantum theory describes the physics of the very small in terms of the Standard Model of particle physics. Unfortunately, the two theories are incompatible and do not describe satisfactorily all the forces between the various particles comprising ordinary matter. At present, one of the deepest problems in theoretical physics is harmonizing the GTR, which describes gravitation, with quantum mechanics, which describes the other three fundamental forces acting on the atomic scale. The main aim of the book is to provide an understanding of gravity in terms of a quantum theory given by the Generation Model of particle physics. The book presents a fully quantum theory of gravity, which describes both the large cosmological scale and the small atomic scale interactions between all particles.