Handbook Of Neuroprosthetic Methods

Work in the field of neuroprosthetics requires multidisciplinary teams, but these collaborators must meet on common ground to develop an understanding of the capabilities and limitations of each part of a bioengineering project. The Handbook of Neuroprosthetic Methods provides a comprehensive resource for the techniques, methodologies, and options

How does one ensure information security for a computer that is entangled with the structures and processes of a human brain – and for the human mind that is interconnected with such a device? The need to provide information security for neuroprosthetic devices grows more pressing as increasing numbers of people utilize therapeutic technologies such as cochlear implants, retinal prostheses, robotic prosthetic limbs, and deep brain stimulation devices. Moreover, emerging neuroprosthetic technologies for human enhancement are expected to increasingly transform their human users’ sensory, motor, and cognitive capacities in ways that generate new ‘posthumanized’ sociotechnological realities. In this context, it is essential not only to ensure the information security of such neuroprostheses themselves but – more importantly – to ensure the psychological and physical health, autonomy, and personal identity of the human beings whose cognitive processes are inextricably linked with such devices. InfoSec practitioners must not only guard against threats to the confidentiality and integrity of data stored within a neuroprosthetic device’s internal memory; they must also guard against threats to the confidentiality and integrity of thoughts, memories, and desires existing within the mind the of the device’s human host. This second edition of The Handbook of Information Security for Advanced Neuroprosthetics updates the previous edition’s comprehensive investigation of these issues from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It provides an introduction to the current state of neuroprosthetics and expected future trends in the field, along with an introduction to fundamental principles of information security and an analysis of how they must be re-envisioned to address the unique challenges posed by advanced neuroprosthetics. A two-dimensional cognitional security framework is presented whose security goals are designed to protect a device’s human host in his or her roles as a sapient metavolitional agent, embodied embedded organism, and social and economic actor. Practical consideration is given to information security responsibilities and roles within an organizational context and to the application of preventive, detective, and corrective or compensating security controls to neuroprosthetic devices, their host-device systems, and the larger supersystems in which they operate. Finally, it is shown that while implantable neuroprostheses create new kinds of security vulnerabilities and risks, they may also serve to enhance the information security of some types of human hosts (such as those experiencing certain neurological conditions).

This is an updated and abridged edition of the original volume published in 2004. Like its predecessor it is targeted for students of bioengineering, biomedical engineering, applied physiology, biological cybernetics and related fields; for engineers and scientists who have an interest in neuroprosthetics; and for medical practitioners using products of that field.The practice of neuroprosthetics requires a fundamental understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, mathematical neurobiology, material science, electrochemistry, and electrophysiology. The text assumes some familiarity with basic anatomy, physiology, calculus, electrophysiology and bioinstrumentation, which typically are covered in undergraduate and first year graduate bioengineering curricula. These areas are also reviewed here, with the aim of consolidating principles fundamental to understanding the field. With that as background, the book then presents an overview of the field with detailed emphasis in selected areas of neural interfaces and neuroprostheses. The covered topics provide readers with sufficient information to understand the theory, rationale, design, and functioning of neuroprosthetic devices currently in clinical use and under development.The current volume is shorter than its predecessor. This has been achieved by reducing some of the repetition present in certain chapters of the earlier edition and eliminating a few chapters whose topics are now well covered in review literature readily available on the internet and elsewhere. Two chapters have been retained in their original versions to provide important background material, but the remaining chapters have either been revised by their original authors or replaced by new versions written by different authors. In addition new topics have been added to the section on existing systems.

Prostheses for the Brain: Introduction to Neuroprosthetics bridges the disciplines required in the field of neuroprosthetics and provides the interdisciplinary base required for understanding neuroprosthetic devices. It introduces basic aspects from the physical, bioengineering and medical perspectives, and forms a common knowledge base. It provides the entrance to the field and sets realistic expectations, both regarding potentials as well as limitations, for the devices in both design and outcomes. The book additionally reviews the technology behind the most frequently used and most clinically successful neuroprosthetic devices. It provides the physiological background for their function, as well as the technology behind them. Finally, the authors suggest future possible developments that may play crucial role in new prostheses for the brain. This gives the reader a comprehensive view on the principles and applications of neuroprostheses. This book has been built from the authors course they teach on neuroprostheses and is ideal for students, engineers and medical professionals in this field. Introduces the general principles of conductivity of electrolytes and the processes at the tissue–electrode interface Describes safety issues and regulatory rules, clarifies conceptual differences between stimulating and sensing electrodes Reviews stimulation strategies, tissue reactions, potential medical complications, brain adaptations and the clinically most successful applications of neuroprostheses

This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.​

How do we ensure information security for a computer that is entangled with the neural processes of a human mind - and for the human mind that is interconnected with such a device?The need to provide information security for neuroprosthetic devices grows more pressing as increasing numbers of people utilize technologies such as cochlear implants, artificial retinas, robotic prosthetic limbs, and deep brain stimulation. Moreover, more advanced neuroprosthetic technologies designed for human enhancement are expected to someday transform their users' sensory, motor, and cognitive capacities in ways so radical that their nature can best be described as "posthuman." It is essential not only to ensure the information security of such neuroprosthetic devices themselves but - more importantly - to ensure the physical and psychological health, autonomy, and personal identity of the human beings whose cognitive processes are inextricably linked with such devices. Information security practitioners must not only guard against threats to the confidentiality and integrity of data stored within a neuroprosthetic device's internal memory; they must also guard against threats to the confidentiality and integrity of thoughts, memories, and desires existing within the mind the of the device's human host.This volume is the first book dedicated to studying these issues comprehensively from both theoretical and practical perspectives, and it establishes important new conceptual frameworks to guide the development of this emerging field. It provides an introduction to the current state of neuroprosthetics and expected future trends, along with an introduction to fundamental principles of information security and an analysis of why they must be re-envisioned to address the unique challenges posed by advanced neuroprosthetics. A device ontology for neuroprosthetics is formulated, and a two-dimensional cognitional security framework is developed whose security goals are designed to protect a device's human host in his or her roles as a sapient metavolitional agent, embodied embedded organism, and social and economic actor. Practical consideration is given to information security responsibilities and to management, operational, and technical controls. Finally, a biocybernetic model is developed for classifying neuroprosthetic devices according to their participation in the neural activity of their human hosts.

The field of engineering is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, and there is an ever-growing need for engineers to investigate engineering and scientific resources outside their own area of expertise. However, studies have shown that quality information-finding skills often tend to be lacking in the engineering profession. Using the Engineerin

This volume serves a resource for the design and analysis of neuroprosthetic supersystems, which can be defined as organizations – either small or large, simple or complex – whose human members have been neuroprosthetically augmented. While numerous other texts focus on the biomedical engineering of neuroprostheses as technological devices or on the biocybernetic engineering of the host-device system comprising a neuroprosthesis and its human host, this volume presents a unique investigation of the intentional creation of higher-order supersystems that allow multiple neuroprosthetically augmented human beings to interact with one another and with external information systems in order to accomplish some shared task. In essence, this can be understood as the work of designing and managing neuroprosthetically enhanced organizations. Individual chapters present an ontology of the neuroprosthesis as a computing device; a biocybernetic ontology of the host-device system; an ontology of the neuroprosthesis as an instrument of ‘cyborgization’; motivating and inhibiting factors for the organizational deployment of posthumanizing neuroprostheses by military organizations and other early adopters; an introduction to enterprise architecture in the context of technological posthumanization; an exploration of the implications of neuroprosthetic augmentation for enterprise architecture; and considerations for the development of effective network topologies for neuroprosthetically augmented organizations. The conceptual frameworks formulated within this book offer a wide range of tools that can be of use to policymakers, ethicists, neuroprosthetic device manufacturers, organizational decision-makers, and others who must analyze or manage the complex legal, ethical, and managerial implications that result from the use of emerging neuroprosthetic technologies within an organizational context.

Neuroprosthetics is an area of intense scientific and clinical interest and rapid progress. Since the introduction of the cardiac pacemaker in 1932, we have seen developments that include cochlear prostheses, techniques for bladder and bowel control, deep brain stimulation, and restoration of mobility and respiration to paralyzed individuals.The chapters in this book have been contributed by authors who are recognized internationally in their fields. The result is a comprehensive and up-to-date review that will be invaluable to graduate students, clinicians and researchers in neuroprosthetics. It is broadly divided into three sections: Section 1 provides a core of knowledge that forms a foundation for the rest of the book, and covers the basics of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, biomaterials and biocompatibility, stimulation and recording techniques; Section 2 describes current clinical applications of neuroprosthetics; Section 3 looks at future developments in the field.

Neuroprosthetics is a fast-growing area that brings together the fields of biomedical engineering and neuroscience as a means to interface the neural system directly to prostheses. Advancing research and applications in this field can assist in successfully restoring motor, sensory, and cognitive functions. Emerging Theory and Practice in Neuroprosthetics brings together the most up-to-date research surrounding neuroprosthetics advances and applications. Presenting several new results, concepts, and further developments in the area of neuroprosthetics, this book is an essential publication for researchers, upper-level students, engineers, and medical practitioners.