Global Trends In X Ray Ct Imaging Applications In Petroleum Engineering And The Geosciences From 1984 To 2014

While the use of x-rays originated in medical fields it has expanded through other disciplines. Petroleum and geological sciences are no exception. Beginning in the 1980's, x-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging has become an increasingly powerful tool used to better understand rock and fluid properties. Used by academics and corporations alike, CT imaging creates a more accurate picture of the interactions between rocks and fluids such as water, oil, and gas.This paper explores trends in the history of CT imaging across several geophysical fields. By observing these trends a history of CT imaging can be compiled and further examined. Three main objectives were followed in order to generate insights into CT imaging. The first objective was to build a database that would serve as a representative sample of the papers that make up the current literature of CT imaging in petroleum engineering and the geosciences. The database was limited by the selection criteria and primarily relied on Web of Science to find CT imaging papers. Secondly the CT imaging papers were sorted into various categories such as country of publication and author affiliation. The third objective was to analyze the data and identify geographical institutional affiliations dominating the field of CT imaging in petroleum engineering and the geosciences.CT imaging is a prime example of how technology can transcend disciplinary boundaries. While originating in the medical fields, CT imaging has successfully been adapted to petroleum engineering and the geosciences. This paper documents the impact CT imaging has had from 1984 to 2014 and offers CT imaging as a case study of how a technology created in one field can be a game changer in another.

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a technique that allows non-destructive imaging and quantification of internal features of objects. X-ray CT reveals differences in density and atomic composition and can therefore be used for the study of porosity, the relative distribution of contrasting solid phases and the penetration of injected solutions. In this book, various applications of X-ray CT in the geosciences are illustrated by papers covering a wide range of disciplines, including petrology, soil science, petroleum geology, geomechanics and sedimentology.

This book brings together a total of 48 contributions (including 5 keynote papers) which were presented at the 2nd International Workshop on the Application of X-ray CT for Geomaterials (GeoX 2006) held in Aussois, France, on 4-7 October, 2006. The contributions cover a wide range of topics, from fundamental characterization of material behavior to applications in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. Recent advances of X-ray technology, hardware and software are also discussed. As such, this will be valuable reading for anyone interested in the application of X-ray CT to geomaterials from both fundamental and applied perspectives.

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanning has been widely used for medical diagnosis. This technique is now attracting increasing interest as a tool in non-destructive testing in engineering. This book reports the early results of research into this application, with particular reference to deformation and failure of geomaterials. Presenting papers of the International Workshop on X-CT for Geomaterials at Kumamoto, Japan in 2003. The book is intended for researchers and professionals in the fields of geotechnical engineering, soil, rock and concrete engineering, and geology.

The x-ray computed tomography (CT) is well known as a useful imaging method and thus CT images have continuingly been used for many applications, especially in medical fields. This book discloses recent advances and new ideas in theories and applications for CT imaging and its analysis. The 16 chapters selected in this book cover not only the major topics of CT imaging and analysis in medical fields, but also some advanced applications for forensic and industrial purposes. These chapters propose state-of-the-art approaches and cutting-edge research results.

This book, now in a revised and updated second edition, covers the full spectrum of clinical applications of SPECT/CT in the diagnosis and therapy planning of benign and malignant diseases. All chapters have been thoroughly updated and some chapters have been completely rewritten by a new group of experts. The opening chapters discuss the technology and physics of SPECT/CT and its use in dosimetry. The role of SPECT/CT in the imaging of a range of pathologic conditions is then addressed in detail. Applications covered include imaging of the thyroid, neuroendocrine tumors, bone, cardiac scintigraphy, sentinel node scintigraphy and imaging of the lungs. Individual chapters are also devoted to therapy planning in selective internal radiation therapy of liver tumors and to Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT. For Nuclear Medicine Physicians, Radiologists and medical students in this field, the book offers an essential and up-to-date source of information on this invaluable hybrid imaging technique.

This book, edited by leading experts in radiology, offers a state-of-the-art overview of the specifics and the added value of dual-energy, multi-energy, and spectral computed tomography (CT). Latest advances and upcoming innovations such as photon-counting detector CT are covered by renown experts in the field. The entire spectrum of clinical applications of dual-energy and spectral CT throughout the body is covered. Book chapters are written by expert authors with a background in physics and radiology and are richly illustrated with high quality figures, graphical illustrations, and tables. The first section covers background issues and the most relevant technical aspects of the technique, including a detailed description of the approaches to dual-energy, spectral and photon-counting CT by different vendors of CT scanners. The second part focusses on the use of dual-energy, spectral and photon-counting CT in daily clinical practice, and individual chapters are devoted to imaging of the brain, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, abdominal organs, skeletal system, and the chest. The focus of the book ensures that it will be of interest for a multidisciplinary forum of readers comprising radiologists, medical physicists, and other medical professionals and scientists being interested in cutting-edge CT imaging.

The aim of this book is fourfold: to describe the basic principles of Dual Energy CT (DECT) imaging, to explain how post-processing is utilized, to critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of the technique in oncologic imaging, and above all, to demonstrate the contribution of DECT in the management of oncologic patients. Information is provided on the practice and interpretation of DECT and its impact on clinical decision making in a variety of oncological settings, including tumors of the head and neck, lung, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal system, kidney, and musculoskeletal system. DECT is an innovative imaging technique in which the application of two distinct energy settings provides a transition from density-based image to spectral imaging. As detailed in this book, DECT acquisition allows the simultaneous generation of multiple datasets which enable the radiologist to address varied diagnostic problems in oncologic imaging using a multiparametric approach, having clear advantages in tumor detection, lesion characterization and evaluation of treatment response.

General Statements, Recommended Protocols (Head, Head and Neck, Chest, Cardiovascular, Abdomen, Emergency, Pediatrics, Orthopedics), Reference Protocols, Appendix