Genome Analysis Of The Diploid Wild Potato Solanum Bukasovii

"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) originated in the South American Andes and is an economically important staple crop that can be successfully grown in various conditions and altitudes. The potato genome is complex, with a large gene pool drawn from numerous wild species of varying ploidy levels ranging from diploids to hexaploids. Potato breeding efforts in North America and Europe have traditionally focused on vegetative propagation of tetraploid potato because of its higher yield. However, due to the high heterozygosity levels and difficulties of tetraploid breeding, new improvement efforts are increasingly looking to diploid species as a means of introgressing traits into crop varieties.Genome sequence data and means of analyzing and visualizing the data, are crucial to achieve this goal. Significant work has previously been done by sequencing and publishing different potato reference genomes, a double monoploid (S. tuberosum Group Phureja - DM), two wild reference genomes (S. commersonii and S. chacoense clone M6), a landrace genome (S. stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx), and two diploid S. tuberosum genomes (Solanum tuberosum group Tuberosum RH89-039-16, Solanum tuberosum, Solyntus).The present study focuses on expanding the genomic resources for potato genome analyses. First, this study presents a newly sequenced and assembled diploid genome of S. bukasovii, which is thought to be one of the wild species that is most closely related to the cultivated potato. This genome sequence is compared with the available potato reference genomes and the results show that Copy Number Variation (CNV) affect genes have important functions such as disease resistance and metabolite biosynthesis. Second, a web portal - the Potato Genome Diversity Portal (PGDP) - was developed and implemented to visualize the published potato genomes using JBrowse and to provide a tool to investigate the genome alignments along with aiding the structural variation analysis PGDP also enables researchers to conduct research and share data"--

This book describes the historical importance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.),potato genetic resources and stocks (including S. tuberosum group Phureja DM1-3 516 R44, a unique doubled monoploid homozygous line) used for potato genome sequencing. It also discusses strategies and tools for high-throughput sequencing, sequence assembly, annotation, analysis, repetitive sequences and genotyping-by-sequencing approaches. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; 2n = 4x = 48) is the fourth most important food crop of the world after rice, wheat and maize and holds great potential to ensure both food and nutritional security. It is an autotetraploid crop with complex genetics, acute inbreeding depression and a highly heterozygous nature. Further, the book examines the recent discovery of whole genome sequencing of a few wild potato species genomes, genomics in management and genetic enhancement of Solanum species, new strategies towards durable potato late blight resistance, structural analysis of resistance genes, genomics resources for abiotic stress management, as well as somatic cell genetics and modern approaches in true-potato-seed technology. The complete genome sequence provides a better understanding of potato biology, underpinning evolutionary process, genetics, breeding and molecular efforts to improve various important traits involved in potato growth and development.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a fresh, updated and science-based perspective on the current status and prospects of the diverse array of topics related to the potato, and was written by distinguished scientists with hands-on global experience in research aspects related to potato. The potato is the third most important global food crop in terms of consumption. Being the only vegetatively propagated species among the world’s main five staple crops creates both issues and opportunities for the potato: on the one hand, this constrains the speed of its geographic expansion and its options for international commercialization and distribution when compared with commodity crops such as maize, wheat or rice. On the other, it provides an effective insulation against speculation and unforeseen spikes in commodity prices, since the potato does not represent a good traded on global markets. These two factors highlight the underappreciated and underrated role of the potato as a dependable nutrition security crop, one that can mitigate turmoil in world food supply and demand and political instability in some developing countries. Increasingly, the global role of the potato has expanded from a profitable crop in developing countries to a crop providing income and nutrition security in developing ones. This book will appeal to academics and students of crop sciences, but also policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the potato and its contribution to humankind’s food security.

In the past 15-20 years major discoveries have been concluded on potato biology and biotechnology. Important new tools have been developed in the area of molecular genetics, and our understanding of potato physiology has been revolutionized due to amenability of the potato to genetic transformation. This technology has impacted our understanding of the molecular basis of plant-pathogen interaction and has also opened new opportunities for the use of the potato in a variety of non-food biotechnological purposes. This book covers the potato world market as it expands further into the new millennium. Authors stress the overriding need for stable yields to eliminate human hunger and poverty, while considering solutions to enhance global production and distribution. It comprehensively describes genetics and genetic resources, plant growth and development, response to the environment, tuber quality, pests and diseases, biotechnology and crop management. Potato Biology is the most valuable reference available for all professionals involved in the potato industry, plant biologists and agronomists. Offers an understanding of the social, economic and market factors that influence production and distribution Discusses developments and useful traits in transgenic biology and genetic engineering The first reference entirely devoted to understanding new advances in potato biology and biotechnology

This atlas describes the ecogeographic distribution of wild potatoes. They occur solely in the Americas, from the southwestern United States to central Argentina and Chile. To help the nonspecialist to understand the past and future changes in their classification, we first discuss the habitats, morphology, and taxonomy of wild potatoes. This is followed by a discussion of problems of data and information quality associated with the locality databases that were used for the maps in this atlas. Distribution maps are provided for all species and series (a taxonomic level that groups related species). Finally, statistics on ecogeographic distribution of wild potatoes, and analytical maps of species richness and series richness are provided.

Developments in potato chemistry, including identification and use of the functional components of potatoes, genetic improvements and modifications that increase their suitability for food and non-food applications, the use of starch chemistry in non-food industry and methods of sensory and objective measurement have led to new and important uses for this crop. Advances in Potato Chemistry and Technology presents the most current information available in one convenient resource.The expert coverage includes details on findings related to potato composition, new methods of quality determination of potato tubers, genetic and agronomic improvements, use of specific potato cultivars and their starches, flours for specific food and non-food applications, and quality measurement methods for potato products. Covers potato chemistry in detail, providing key understanding of the role of chemical compositions on emerging uses for specific food and non-food applications Presents coverage of developing areas, related to potato production and processing including genetic modification of potatoes, laboratory and industry scale sophistication, and modern quality measurement techniques to help producers identify appropriate varieties based on anticipated use Explores novel application uses of potatoes and potato by-products to help producers identify potential areas for development of potato variety and structure

The book delves into post-genomics advances in potato improvement since the potato genome sequencing in 2011. It includes recent developments in the field of potato genetic resources, genes and SNP markers discovery, and the progress in next-generation breeding applying various omics technologies and modern sequencing tools. It covers cutting-edge technologies in potato - a global perspective, genome sequencing and resequencing of various cultivated and wild species, potato germplasm management and characterization, prebreeding genomics, genome mapping and gene cloning, markers discovery, marker-assisted selection, transgenics, microRNAs, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, next-generation potato breeding technologies including genome editing and genomic selection and bioinformatics applications in the post-genomics era in potato. As genome editing and genomic selection have become emerging tools in crop improvement including potato, several research works have been demonstrated and applied world over. This book concentrates on genomics-aided characterization of germplasm and markers discovery to accelerate potato breeding. Further, various omics technologies strengthen our understanding on discovery of new genes/proteins/metabolites and key traits based on high-throughput phenotyping involved in various biotic and abiotic stresses in potato crop. The book is a useful source of information related to genomics-led research and development of this crop. It will serve as a valuable resource for potato researchers working in the area of molecular biology and would be beneficial for college students, PhD scholars, scientists, academicians, farmers and policy makers.

This new third edition updates a best-selling encyclopedia. It includes about 56% more words than the 1,392-page second edition of 2003. The number of illustrations increased to almost 2,000 and their quality has improved by design and four colors. It includes approximately 1,800 current databases and web servers. This encyclopedia covers the basics and the latest in genomics, proteomics, genetic engineering, small RNAs, transcription factories, chromosome territories, stem cells, genetic networks, epigenetics, prions, hereditary diseases, and patents. Similar integrated information is not available in textbooks or on the Internet.

This book gathers the latest information on the organization of genomes in wild Solanum species and emphasizes how this information is yielding direct outcomes in the fields of molecular breeding, as well as a better understanding of both the patterns and processes of evolution. Cultivated Solanums, such as potato, tomato, and pepper, possess a high number of wild relatives that are of great importance for practical breeding and evolutionary studies. Their germplasm is often characterized by allelic diversity, as well as genes that are lacking in the cultivated species. Wild Solanums have not been fully exploited by breeders. This is mainly due to the lack of information regarding their genetics and genomics. However, the genome of important cultivated Solanaceae such as potato, tomato, eggplant, and pepper has already been sequenced. On the heels of these recent developments, wild Solanum genomes are now becoming available, opening an exciting new era for both basic research and varietal development in the Solanaceae.

​The field of plant breeding has grown rapidly in the last decade with breakthrough research in genetics and genomics, inbred development, population improvement, hybrids, clones, self-pollinated crops, polyploidy, transgenic breeding and more. This book discusses the latest developments in all these areas but explores the next generation of needs and discoveries including omics beyond genomics, cultivar seeds and intellectual and property rights. This book is a leading-edge publication of the latest results and forecasts important areas of future needs and applications.​