Functional Synthetic Receptors

A timely overview of this rapidly-expanding topic, covering the most important classes of compounds and incorporating the latest literature. With its application-oriented approach, this book is the first to emphasize current and potential applications, extending to such fields as materials science, bioorganic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and organic synthesis. In the biological context in particular, the book clarifies which receptor systems work well in water or better under physiological conditions. From the contents: * Amino Acid, Peptid and Protein Receptors * Carbohydrate Receptors * Ammonium, Amidinium and Guanidinium Receptors * Anion Receptors * Molecular Capsules and Self Assembly * Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries based on Molecular Recognition * Molecular Machines * Self-Replication Aimed at graduate students and specialists in the field, this is also of interest to pharmaceutical companies involved in drug design, as well as chemical companies with a polymer or nanotechnology group. In addition, analytical companies working on the advanced equipment covered here will find stimulating new applications.

Synthetic receptor molecules, molecules that mimic antibody recognition, are widely used for developing drug leads; drug delivery vehicles; imaging agents; sensing agents; capture agents and separation systems. Synthetic Receptors for Biomolecules covers the most effective synthetic receptors for each major class of biomolecules within the context of specific applications. The book starts with an introduction to the applications of synthetic receptors for biomolecules and their design and synthesis for biomolecule recognition. Dedicated chapters then cover synthetic receptors for the key biomolecules including inorganic cations; small organic and inorganic anions; carbohydrates; nucleosides/nucleotides; oligonucleotides; amino acids and peptides; protein surfaces as well as non-polar and polar lipids; Each chapter follows the same systematic format of (a) chemical structures and physical properties of the biomolecule, (b) biological recognition of the biomolecule, (c) synthetic receptors for the biomolecule, (d) future directions and challenges. Edited by a leader in the field, the book is written in an accessible style for readers new to supramolecular chemistry or for those looking for synthetic receptors.

Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.

Nanoarmoring of Enzymes: Rational Design of Polymer-Wrapped Enzymes, Volume 590 is the latest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series that focuses on nanoarmoring of enzymes and the rational design of polymer-wrapped enzymes. This new volume presents the most updated information on a variety of topics, including specific chapters on Encapsulating Proteins in Nanoparticles: Batch by Batch or One by One, Enzyme Adsorption on Nanoparticle Surfaces Probed by Highly Sensitive Second Harmonic Light Scattering, Armoring Enzymes by Metal–Organic Frameworks by the Coprecipitation Method, and Enzyme Armoring by an Organosilica Layer: Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanobiocatalysts. Users will find this to be an all-encompassing resource on nanoarmoring in enzymes. Focuses on the nanoarmoring of enzymes Covers the rational design of polymer-wrapped enzymes Includes contributions from leading authorities working in enzymology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of enzymology

In a bid to develop synthetic molecules and materials that are capable of mimicking biological recognition and function, intensive research in the fields of synthetic receptor technologies, smart materials, synthetic biology and smart indicators has been under way for the past 20-30 years. The development of synthetic receptors continues to grow rapidly. Novel molecular architectures, with ever improving selective binding properties are constantly being described, and in some cases providing much-needed physical insights into the nature of non-covalent interactions and molecular recognition. Such receptor systems are finding increasingly esoteric applications and this book captures the key developments at the synthetic receptor/biology/detection science interface. The editor has extensive experience in applying smart materials and synthetic receptors to the development of biosensors. Reddy has developed smart, permselective and biocompatible molecularly imprinted polymers and membrane materials for the sensor/sample interface and the advancement of smart materials-based electrochemical, quartz crystal and optical sensors for medical, food and environmental applications. Chapters demonstrate how growing disciplines such as biomimetics, synthetic receptor technologies, pattern recognition and nanotechnology are being used to develop new smart materials for diagnostic sensor and biosensor applications. Postgraduate students and researchers in academia and industry will benefit from this resourceful handbook.

Synthetic biology offers powerful remedies for some of the world’s most intractable problems, but these solutions are clouded by uncertainty and risk that few strategies are available to address. The incentives for continued development of this emerging technology are prodigious and obvious, and the public deserves assurances that all potential downsides are duly considered and minimized accordingly. Incorporating social science analysis within the innovation process may impose constraints, but its simultaneous support in making the end products more acceptable to society at large should be considered a worthy trade-off. Contributing authors in this volume represent diverse perspectives related to synthetic biology’s social sciences, and reflect on different areas of risk analysis and governance that have developed for the field. Such perspectives include leading scholarly discussion pertaining to risk assessment, governance, ethics, and communication. The chapters of this volume note that while the first twenty years of synthetic biology development have focused strongly on technological innovation and product development, the next twenty should emphasize the synergy between developers, policymakers, and publics to generate the most beneficial, well governed, and transparent technologies and products possible. Many chapters in this volume provide new data and approaches that demonstrate the feasibility for multi-stakeholder efforts involving policymakers, regulators, industrial developers, workers, experts, and societal representatives to share responsibilities in the production of effective and acceptable governance in the face of uncertain risk probabilities. A full consideration of such perspectives may prevent a world of draconian regulations based on an insufficient or incomplete understanding of the science that underpins synthetic biology, as well as any hesitancy or fear by the public to adopt its eventual products.

The first to provide systematically organized information on all three important aspects of artificial receptor design, this book brings together knowledge on an exceptionally hot and multidisciplinary field of research. Strong emphasis is placed on the methodology for discovering artificial receptors, with both definitions for chemosensitivity as well as experimental setups supplied. There follows coverage of numerous classes of artificial receptors, including synthesis, immobilization on surfaces, and quantitative data on properties. The third part of the book focuses on receptor arrays for artificial nose and tongue applications and the whole is rounded off with an outlook and an appendix with all relevant quantitative data on artificial receptors.