Fouling In Heat Exchange Equipment

These Engineering Foundation Proceedings resulted from the International Conference on the Fouling Mitigation of Industrial Heat Exchangers held in California in 1995. The goal of the conference was to bring together researchers and engineers in industrial organizations who are interested in methods of mitigating fouling of heat transfer equipment. The conference focused on methods of mitigating fouling, energy efficiency, environmental problems, and product costs.

This unique and comprehensive text considers all aspects of heat exchanger fouling from the basic science of how surfaces become fouled to very practical ways of mitigating the problem and from mathematical modelling of different fouling mechanisms to practical methods of heat exchanger cleaning. The problems that restrict the efficient operation of equipment are described and the costs, some of them hidden costs, that are associated with the fouling of heat exchangers are discussed. Some simple concepts and models of the fouling processes are presented as part of the introduction to the subject. Advice on the selection, design, installation and commissioning of heat exchangers to minimise fouling is given. A large part of the text is devoted to the use of chemical and other additives to reduce or eliminate the problem of fouling. Another large section is designed to give information on both on-line and off-line cleaning of heat exchangers. One of the difficulties faced by designers and operators of heat exchangers is anticipating the likely extent of fouling problems to be encountered with different flow streams. Another large section addresses the question and describes methods that have been used in attempting to define fouling potential. The book concludes with a chapter on how fouling information can be obtained using plant data, field tests and laboratory studies.

This handbook presents the most important technologies concerning the reduction of fouling in heat exchangers and the appropriate technologies of removal and cleaning. The general and scientific fundamentals of heat transfer are also explained.

Two-phase flow heat exchangers are vital components of systems for power generation, chemical processing, and thermal environment control. The art and science of the design of such heat exchangers have advanced considerably in recent years. This is due to better understanding of the fundamentals of two-phase flow and heat transfer in simple geometries, greater appreciation of these processes in complex goemetries, and enhanced predictive capability through use of complex computer codes. The subject is clearly of great fundamental and practical importance. The NATO ASIan Thermal-Hydraulic Fundamentals and Design of Two-Phase Flow Heat Exchangers was held in Povoa de Varzim (near Porto), Portugal, July 6-17, 1987. participating in the organization of" the ASI were the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Institute, University of Miami; Universidade do Porto; and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Eng ineer ing, and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The ASI was arranged primarily as a high-level teaching activity by experts representing both academic and industrial viewpoints. The program included the presentation of invited lectures, a limited number of related technical papers and discussion sessions.

With production from unconventional rigs continuing to escalate and refineries grappling with the challenges of shale and heavier oil feedstocks, petroleum engineers and refinery managers must ensure that equipment used with today’s crude oil is protected from fouling deposits Crude Oil Fouling addresses this overarching challenge for the petroleum community with clear explanations on what causes fouling, current models and new approaches to evaluate and study the formation of deposits, and how today’s models could be applied from lab experiment to onsite field usability for not just the refinery, but for the rig, platform, or pipeline. Crude Oil Fouling is a must-have reference for every petroleum engineer’s library that gives the basic framework needed to analyze, model, and integrate the best fouling strategies and operations for crude oil systems. Defines the most critical variables and events that cause fouling Explains the consequences of fouling and its impact on operations, safety, and economics Provides the technical models available to better predict and eliminate the potential for fouling in any crude system