Feedstock Recycling And Pyrolysis Of Waste Plastics

Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.

The use of plastic materials has seen a massive increase in recent years, and generation of plastic wastes has grown proportionately. Recycling of these wastes to reduce landfill disposal is problematic due to the wide variation in properties and chemical composition among the different types of plastics. Feedstock recycling is one of the alternatives available for consideration, and Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes looks at the conversion of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as fuels or raw materials. Looking at both scientific and technical aspects of the recycling developments, this book describes the alternatives available. Areas include chemical depolymerization, thermal processes, oxidation and hydrogenation. Besides conventional treatments, new technological approaches for the degradation of plastics, such as conversion under supercritical conditions and coprocessing with coal are discussed. This book is essential reading for those involved in plastic recycling, whether from an academic or industrial perspective. Consultants and government agencies will also find it immensely useful.

This report examines the issue of converting plastics waste into energy and/or useful chemicals. Much plastic material is discarded as waste, such as packaging and end-of-life vehicle components. This report introduces the different waste management options. It discusses the methods available for treating mixed plastics waste and PVC-rich plastics waste. The emphasis in this report is on technologies which are already being used or assessed for use on a commercial scale. Comparisons are made between the different types of recycling currently available in terms of life cycle assessment and environmental impact. Feedstock recycling is discussed extensively in this review. This report is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from papers in the Rapra Polymer Library database.

This book presents the latest advances in and current research perspectives on the field of urban/industrial solid waste recycling for bio-energy and bio-fuel recovery. It chiefly focuses on five main thematic areas, namely bioreactor landfills coupled with energy and nutrient recovery; microbial insights into anaerobic digestion; greenhouse emission assessment; pyrolysis techniques for special waste treatment; and industrial waste stabilization options. In addition, it compiles the results of case studies and solid waste management perspectives from different countries.

Providing guidelines for implementing sustainable practices for traditional petroleum based plastics, biobased plastics, and recycled plastics, Sustainable Plastics and the Environment explains what sustainable plastics are, why sustainable plastics are needed, which sustainable plastics to use, and how manufacturing companies can integrate them into their manufacturing operations. A vital resource for practitioners, scientists, researchers, and students, the text includes impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics and petroleum based plastics as well as end-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics.

"Biofuels" provides state-of-the-art information on the status of biofuel production and related aspects. It includes a detailed overview of the alternative energy field and the role of biofuels as new energy sources, and gives a detailed account of the production of biodiesel from non-conventional bio-feedstocks such as algae and vegetable oils.

Bioenergy signifies a sustainable and futuristic alternative to fossil fuels in the realm of growing energy demands, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and increasing pollution loads manifested due to fossil fuel usage. In this context, hydrogen (H2) has gained significant attention as a future energy carrier due to its clean and sustainable nature. Considerable interest has been generated regarding H2 production by biological routes employing photobiological, dark fermentation, thermochemical, enzymatic, etc. Utilizing wastes as a potential source for H2 generation through biological routes has instigated considerable interest and further opening up a new avenue for the utilization of renewable and inexhaustible energy sources. A comprehensive attempt is made through this chapter to compile the contemporary work pertinent to biohydrogen research in unified approach.

Waste Engine Oils presents a complete description of the field of engine used oils, widely collected in the networks of services-stations and garages. It describes the manufacture of base oils in refineries, and mentions the main additives playing an essential role in the quality of the marketed finished oils. The organization of the different systems of collecting in order to obtain a waste oil regenerable or used as fuel are explained. This book covers the main operations of physical and chemical treatments required in waste oil regeneration by covering the fundamental principles techniques such as vacuum distillation, solvent deasphalting, and ultrafiltration. A wide part is dedicated to applications with the description of about twenty processes. In addition, the book describes several types of energetic valorizations which concern a quite important fraction of the collected oil volume. * Comprehensive approach of the waste oil valorization * Overview of chemical engineering operations applied to waste oil * Objective view of the given information on a subject giving rise to competitiveness between the two routes of volorization

Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

This volume discusses the structure and growth of the plastics industry, comprehensively displaying the complete cycle of plastics from raw materials to waste and solutions related to this waste - presenting practical cost scenarios for the collection and disposal of waste.;Examining the issue of plastics waste in a broad social and environmental context, Plastics Waste Management: considers the regulations imposed on waste disposal and aspects of pollution control acts; provides a technical overview of polymers, classifications, and properties as well as the plastics industry, polymer production, and consumption; addresses extrusion basics and polymers' compatibility in a mixture of plastic waste; describes the recycling of mixed plastics waste; and explores design considerations and product life cycles with respect to environmentally friendly products in packaging applications.;Furnishing more than 400 bibliographic citations, Plastics Waste Management is a reference for pollution control, plastics, environmental, polymer and chemical engineers; recycling facility operators; plastics designers; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.