Factors Affecting Volunteerism For International Sports Events In Taiwan Republic Of China

Theory and Practice in Hospitality and Tourism Research includes 111 contributions from the 2nd International Hospitality and Tourism Conference 2014 (Penang, Malaysia, 2-4 September 2014), and covers a comprehensive range of topics, including:- Hospitality management- Hospitality & tourism marketing- Tourism management- Technology & innova

The book highlights ‘new perspectives’ on volunteerism in sport, covering frameworks, methods, context and variables on several levels from community sport clubs to international events. In analysing the processes of control within voluntary sport clubs, a new theoretical framework – critical realism (CR) – challenges how we think about theory and how scientific inquiry should proceed. Further themes raised are: Should sports clubs be viewed as a crossing between a traditional volunteer culture dominated by collective solidarity, and a modern volunteer culture focused on the individual benefits? Are former athletes a new group of possible volunteers? Can personal narratives of experiences of being a volunteer in a big international event provide us with new insight that has not previously been considered? Identity is suggested as a motive for understanding volunteers at sporting events. Two new theoretical models are presented, one on the development of volunteer commitment and the other on a framework that incorporates both individual- and institutional-level variables. All chapters have recommendations for future research. The testing of these theories and influencing factors will provide new directions in the research of sport volunteerism. This book was originally published as a special issue of European Sport Management Quarterly.

Many sporting events rely largely on volunteers to perform a variety of functions within their organizations. It is important for event managers or organizers to understand volunteer motivation, job satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering, as well as to understand how to recruit potential and repeat volunteers and to improve volunteer retention to help ensure the continuation of the sporting events. The present study was to examine volunteers' motivation, job satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering at the marathon running sporting event. The target population for this study focused on sport volunteers who worked in 2011 Fubon Taipei Marathon Running Sporting Event in Taiwan. With about 600 volunteers involved, data was collected via paper-based survey questionnaires. Three hundred and five surveys were collected, 14 of those 305 were discarded because they were not completed, leaving 291 subjects remaining as useable. The response rate was 48.5% for this survey. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistical studies, independent t -test, one-way-ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis (stepwise regression) were conducted to analyze the relationship among selected demographic characteristics, motivation, job satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering. The result showed, the volunteers' Person Growth and Community Involvement of motivational factors, Nature of Work of job satisfaction factor, and job satisfaction itself were statistical significant variables that predict volunteers' intention to continue volunteering for future events. In terms of intention, descriptive statistics showed that over 85% volunteers would likely to continue volunteering. In addition, the results also revealed that there were significantly differences between demographic characteristics with seven motivational factors, and six job satisfaction factors. The results of the study suggest that event managers of sport organizations should recruit a diverse group of individuals using different recruiting strategies and marketing promotions to appeal to potential volunteers and repeat volunteers. Event organizers should understand the needs of volunteers in order to design and plan job assignments to achieve their mission of the volunteers. Furthermore, government sectors should build a platform for sport volunteers to store and organize this kind of data. Having a data based platform and understanding volunteer motivations, job satisfaction and different group needs, may help event managers and sport organizations to truly understand where and how to recruit different kinds of volunteers for different kinds of sporting events.

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

For the first time, this book examines the strategies of leaders of emerging nations to use sport as a tool for reaching social, economic, cultural, political, technological or environmental goals and gaining international prestige. It assesses whether sport can really be an effective tool in international development. The book explores the unique challenges, issues and opportunities offered by sport for development in emerging nations. Bringing together case studies of sport and development in countries including Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Qatar, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey, the book looks at policies designed to achieve development through, by and for sport, and whether they have achieved their socio-economic objectives. It considers the way that emerging nations have used major international sports events as political and developmental projects, as well as the importance of sporting infrastructure, professional leagues, participation programmes and the influence of nationalism and ideology. With a truly global perspective, this book is important reading for any student, researcher or policy-maker with interest in sport management, sport development, development studies, international economics, globalisation or political science.

Now in its 149th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is also available online for subscribing institutions: www.statesmansyearbook.com .