Exoticism In English Tag Questions

For the last 400 years, since the birth of the Stuart Dynasty in England with James VI in the early 17th century, when the contraction of negative forms of the English sentence began in earnest, (canonical) tag questions have been a great fascination to many users of English. Within the last sixty years, beginning with the birth of the generative paradigm, tag questions have equally been of particular interest to many scholars of linguistics from a variety of perspectives, especially those concerned with the syntax-semantics and socio-pragmatics of the English sentence. With the spread of English to other countries and the emergence of new Englishes in the post-colonial context of the non-native varieties spoken in former British colonies, it is particularly interesting to see how and why tag questions have evolved over time in daily usage in both form and function in different English speech communities around the world. The essays gathered here focus on this evolutionary trend of English tag questions, with special attention on the exoticisms that characterize current usage.

In the age of information, an essential priority in the context of international education is the development of language learning and its inconsistencies. The gap between language and education has intermittently grown through time, with mistaken assumptions about how linguistic shortcomings are being solved around the world. Research on comparative educational approaches to teaching verbiage and the foundation of future language development are instrumental in positively impacting the global narrative of dialectal education. International Approaches to Bridging the Language Gap is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of second language teaching as well as social developments regarding intercultural learning. While highlighting topics including curricular approaches, digital competence, and linguistic disparities, this book is ideally designed for language instructors, linguists, teachers, researchers, public administrators, cultural centers, policymakers, government officials, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on the latest advancements of multilingual education.

In spite of the fact that World Englishes theorizing projects a monolithic picture of English in Cameroon by focusing mostly on Cameroon Anglophone English (generally called Cameroon English), this book argues, with empirical evidence, that Cameroon harbours different world Englishes that display different realities and different describable aspects and trends, a complicated sociolinguistic scenario that challenges nation-based World Englishes paradigms. The book will be indispensable for different stakeholders, including scholars of World Englishes, general linguists, sociolinguists, creolists, phonologists, syntacticians, pedagogues, and students. In addition to describing the sociolinguistic and typological hallmarks of the different world Englishes that hold sway in Cameroon and highlighting their variety-specific peculiarities, the book further evaluates the plausibility and applicability of nation-based World Englishes paradigms in Cameroon, a country whose complex sociolinguistic landscape is comparable only to that of South Africa.

This collection of original essays addresses salient issues in a range of empirical and conceptual analyses, providing detailed case studies of phenomena in Bantu languages and robust and interesting discussions on the structure of the noun phrase. This volume speaks to contemporary debates on the Bantu noun phrase, seeking to stimulate a greater understanding of the true nature of adnominal modification, definiteness, and anaphoric relations associated with it, with respect to various segmental and supra-segmental, noun formation, and noun classification phenomena. The ten chapters take the reader through the Grassfields, North-Western, North-Eastern and Southern present-day Bantu homeland, making important contributions to the documentation and analysis of Bantu languages. The Bantu Noun Phrase: Issues and Perspectives is unique in its inclusion of so many North-Eastern Bantu languages in its discourse on Bantu linguistics and this important collection will be of particular interest to those researching, teaching, and studying African languages and linguistics.

Cambridge Global English is a nine-stage language-rich course for learners of English as a Second Language, following the Cambridge International Examinations curriculum framework. Teacher's Resource 5 provides step-by-step guidance notes for teachers for each lesson in every unit to support teaching the content of Learner's Book 5. Notes on Activity Book 5 are also included. A unit overview provides a snapshot of lesson objectives and the language and skills covered. The notes include answer keys to activities in the Learner's Book and Activity Book, complete audio scripts, suggestions for differentiation and assessment, cross-curricular links, portfolio opportunities and additional unit-linked photocopiable activities and unit-based wordlists.

The superheroes are back! Since the 1970s, the film world has found inspiration in comic books and graphic novels. These days no summer is complete without a major blockbuster movie based on a comic: Superman, Batman, Spider-Man, X-Men, Men in Black, Daredevil, and The Hulk. Modern special effects have made large-scale superhero epics possible, but the diversity of the comics being published has made for a wide variety of subjects, as evidenced by Ghost World, From Hell, Akira and Road to Perdition. This book looks in detail at twenty key titles, covering every step of the development from comic book panel to feature film frame. Includes interviews with key creative artists about the evolution of the films from the original comics, and speculates about future films.

This book combines theoretical work in linguistic pragmatics and sociolinguistics with empirical work based on a corpus of London adolescent conversation. It makes a general contribution to the study of pragmatic markers, as it proposes an analytical model that involves notions such as subjectivity, interactional and textual capacity, and the distinction between contextual alignment/divergence. These notions are defined according to how information contained in an utterance interacts with the cognitive environment of the hearer. Moreover, the model captures the diachronic development of markers from lexical items via processes of grammaticalisation, arguing that markerhood may be viewed as a gradient phenomenon. The empirical work concerns the use of like as a marker, as well as a characteristic use of two originally interrogative forms, innit and is it, which are used as attitudinal markers throughout the inflectional paradigm, despite the fact that they contain a third person singular neuter pronoun. The author provides an in-depth analysis of these features in terms of pragmatic functions, diachronic development and sociolinguistic variation, thus adding support to the hypothesis that adolescents play an important role in language variation and change.

Learn the veterinary technician’s role in the care of exotic pets and animals used in biomedical research! Laboratory Animal and Exotic Pet Medicine: Principles and Procedures, 3rd Edition helps you gain the knowledge and skills needed to ensure animal health and well-being. It covers animal husbandry, restraint and handling, and diseases, and provides guidelines to key clinical procedures such as blood collection, medication administration, anesthesia, and diagnostic imaging. Research-related information addresses the ethical concerns of exotic pet ownership, as well as the benefits and humane use of animals in research. Written by noted veterinary technology educator Margi Sirois, this text is a must-have resource for all caretakers of lab animals. Comprehensive coverage prepares you to work with all types of animals by addressing a wide variety of species including rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, gerbils, nonhuman primates, amphibians, fish, reptiles, birds, farm animals, and cats and dogs; it also covers topics such as animal species, the laboratory setting, regulatory guidelines, and ethical considerations. Consistent organization of each species chapter makes it easy to quickly identify similarities and differences among various laboratory animals. Current information on legal, moral, and ethical issues includes legal requirements, the protocols guiding lab animal use, animal exploitation, and animal rights. Discussion of specific uses for each species in biomedical research provides a perspective that helps you explain the benefits of animal use in providing high-quality research data. Technician Notes highlight important points and provide helpful tips to improve your knowledge and skills. Learning objectives, key points, and chapter review questions make studying easier. NEW! Comprehensive coverage of poultry includes the increasingly popular backyard chickens, as well as commonly performed procedures and in-depth information on housing, restraint, nutrition, common diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics. NEW photographs show the latest technology available in laboratory and exotic animal medicine.

In and out of English: For Better, For Worse? is concerned with the impact of English as the lingua franca of today's world, in particular its relationship with the languages of Europe. Within this framework a number of themes are explored, including linguistic imperialism, change as the result of language contact, the concept of the English native speaker, and the increasing need in an enlarged Europe for translation into as well as out of English.

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Edward Sapir (1884-1939) a conference was held in the Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa, Canada, where Sapir had his office for most of his time as Chief of the Anthropological Division of the Geographical Survey of Canada (1910-1925). This volume presents papers from that conference.