Euromat 99 Microstructures Mechanical Properties And Processes

The relation between microstructures and mechanical properties has always been a challenge for materials science. Modelling the formation, properties and long term stability of microstructures is one of the most impressive and promising advances of modern materials science. This book presents recent advances and challenges in this fast evolving cross disciplinary field. It addresses applications of classical physical metallurgy, and the need for new modelling approaches, both on the analytical viewpoint and on the simulation side.

The relation between microstructures and mechanical properties has always been a challenge for materials science. Modelling the formation, properties and long term stability of microstructures is one of the most impressive and promising advances of modern materials science. This book presents recent advances and challenges in this fast evolving cross disciplinary field. It addresses applications of classical physical metallurgy, and the need for new modelling approaches, both on the analytical viewpoint and on the simulation side.

Modern understanding of materials include the approach at the microscopic or nanometric level. In the best case, imaging at the atomic level is possible. These approaches are essential for instance in the exploration of interfaces, surfaces and defects in crystals. Several aspects can be explored, the microstructure, local element composition, and chemical bonds. This book presents the state-of-the-art of modern investigation methods of materials.

Intermetallics are now close to the commercial application stage. TiAl-based alloys show good high-temperature specific stiffness and strength, while other intermetallics, such as the iron aluminides and silicide-based materials, are especially attractive due to their good corrosion or oxidation resistance. This book reviews activities that relate to improvements in processing methods and advances in the understanding of the property/microstructure relationship.

Materials for Transportation Technology EUROMAT - Volume 1 Edited by P.-J. Winkler Engineering progress essentially depends on the availability and the intelligent use of materials. For many key industry areas, Europe constitutes a premier place for the development of new materials and their applications. EUROMAT '99, the biannual meeting of the Federation of European Materials Societies is the most comprehensive European event to demonstrate the wideranging interdisciplinary use of materials. A selection of the best papers presented here have been united in this 13-volume set, thus providing a survey of the latest developments in research and application in the entire field of engineering materials and advanced production technologies. Light design, high safety and comfort, and environmental compatibility are the requirements which influence the use of materials in automobiles. In the aerospace industry, there is today a strong necessity to substantially reduce development time and costs. Rail vehicles and ships are characterized by extremely long lifetime and high mileages. The achievement of these different objectives relies on the availability of novel or improved materials and related processes.

This is the second volume of an advanced textbook on microstructure and properties of materials. (The first volume is on aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, metal matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, ceramics matrix composites, inorganic glasses, superconducting materials and magnetic materials). It covers titanium alloys, titanium aluminides, iron aluminides, iron and steels, iron-based bulk amorphous alloys and nanocrystalline materials.There are many elementary materials science textbooks, but one can find very few advanced texts suitable for graduate school courses. The contributors to this volume are experts in the subject, and hence, together with the first volume, it is a good text for graduate microstructure courses. It is a rich source of design ideas and applications, and will provide a good understanding of how microstructure affects the properties of materials.Chapter 1, on titanium alloys, covers production, thermomechanical processing, microstructure, mechanical properties and applications. Chapter 2, on titanium aluminides, discusses phase stability, bulk and defect properties, deformation mechanisms of single phase materials and polysynthetically twinned crystals, and interfacial structures and energies between phases of different compositions. Chapter 3, on iron aluminides, reviews the physical and mechanical metallurgy of Fe3Al and FeAl, the two important structural intermetallics. Chapter 4, on iron and steels, presents methodology, microstructure at various levels, strength, ductility and strengthening, toughness and toughening, environmental cracking and design against fracture for many different kinds of steels. Chapter 5, on bulk amorphous alloys, covers the critical cooling rate and the effect of composition on glass formation and the accompanying mechanical and magnetic properties of the glasses. Chapter 6, on nanocrystalline materials, describes the preparation from vapor, liquid and solid states, microstructure including grain boundaries and their junctions, stability with respect to grain growth, particulate consolidation while maintaining the nanoscale microstructure, physical, chemical, mechanical, electric, magnetic and optical properties and applications in cutting tools, superplasticity, coatings, transformers, magnetic recordings, catalysis and hydrogen storage.

A common feature of advanced functional materials - such as thin films, layered structures and all kinds of nanoscale materials (ultrafine powders, polycrystals, nanocomposites, nanoporous or nanotubular materials) - is that their properties are mainly influenced by the structure and composition of their surfaces and interfaces. This book discusses the processing, fabrication, structure, properties and applications of such interface-controlled materials, highlighting the problem of determining the structure and properties of these advanced materials by different techniques.

Monitoring and control of microstructure evolution in metal processing is essential in developing the right properties in a metal. Microstructure evolution in metal forming processes summarises the wealth of recent research on the mechanisms, modelling and control of microstructure evolution during metal forming processes. Part one reviews the general principles involved in understanding and controlling microstructure evolution in metal forming. Techniques for modelling microstructure and optimising processes are explored, along with recrystallisation, grain growth, and severe plastic deformation. Microstructure evolution in the processing of steel is the focus of part two, which reviews the modelling of phase transformations in steel, unified constitutive equations and work hardening in microalloyed steels. Part three examines microstructure evolution in the processing of other metals, including ageing behaviour in the processing of aluminium and microstructure control in processing nickel, titanium and other special alloys. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Microstructure evolution in metal forming processes is an invaluable reference tool for metal processors and those using steels and other metals, as well as an essential guide for academics and students involved in fundamental metal research. Summarises the wealth of recent research on the mechanisms, modelling and control of microstructure evolution during metal forming processes Comprehensively discusses microstructure evolution in the processing of steel and reviews the modelling of phase transformations in steel, unified constitutive equations and work hardening in microalloyed steels Examines microstructure evolution in the processing of other materials, including ageing behaviour in the processing of aluminium

Today the development of technical ceramics is mostly oriented towards a better control of the microstructure and resulting properties of these materials. New forms of powders and microstructures are developed to enable the usage of ceramics in new application areas. This goal may be reached by producing accurately reproducible reactive powders, development of adapted sintering processes, and by introducing new forms of composites. In addition, new methods offer new opportunities for materials development.