Enhanced Light Matter Interaction In Ultra High Q Whispering Gallery Microcavities

Confinement and manipulation of photons using microcavities have triggered intense research interest in both basic and applied physics for more than a decade. Prominent examples are whispering gallery microcavities which confine photons by means of continuous total internal reflection along a curved and smooth surface. The long photon lifetime, strong field confinement, and in-plane emission characteristics make them promising candidates for enhancing light-matter interactions on a chip. In this book, we will introduce different ultra-high-Q whispering gallery microcavities, and focus on their applications in enhancing light-matter interaction, such as ultralow-threshold microlasing, highly sensitive optical biosensing, nonlinear optics, cavity quantum electrodynamics and cavity optomechanics.

Confinement and manipulation of photons using microcavities have triggered intense research interest in both basic and applied physics for more than a decade. Prominent examples are whispering gallery microcavities which confine photons by means of continuous total internal reflection along a curved and smooth surface. The long photon lifetime, strong field confinement, and in-plane emission characteristics make them promising candidates for enhancing light-matter interactions on a chip. In this book, we will introduce different ultra-high-Q whispering gallery microcavities, and focus on their applications in enhancing light-matter interaction, such as ultralow-threshold microlasing, highly sensitive optical biosensing, nonlinear optics, cavity quantum electrodynamics and cavity optomechanics.

Whispering-gallery mode microcavities confines light and enables enhanced light-matter interaction. They are great platforms for enhanced light-matter interactions. Using ultra-high-Q microtoroids and focusing on a phenomenon called mode splitting, we demonstrate the theory and experiments for real-time and label-free detection and size measurement of individual nanoparticles and viruses, with a theoretical size limit of R

This book provides an interesting snapshot of recent advances in the field of single molecule nanosensing. The ability to sense single molecules, and to precisely monitor and control their motion is crucial to build a microscopic understanding of key processes in nature, from protein folding to chemical reactions. Recently a range of new techniques have been developed that allow single molecule sensing and control without the use of fluorescent labels. This volume provides an overview of recent advances that take advantage of micro- and nanoscale sensing technologies and provide the prospect for rapid future progress. The book endeavors to provide basic introductions to key techniques, recent research highlights, and an outlook on big challenges in the field and where it will go in future. It is a valuable contribution to the field of single molecule nanosensing and it will be of great interest to graduates and researchers working in this topic.

Nanophotonics has emerged rapidly into technological mainstream with the advent and maturity of nanotechnology available in photonics and enabled many new exciting applications in the area of biomedical science and engineering that were unimagined even a few years ago with conventional photonic engineering techniques. Handbook of Nanophotonics in Biomedical Engineering is intended to be a reliable resource to a wealth of information on nanophotonics that can inspire readers by detailing emerging and established possibilities of nanophotonics in biomedical science and engineering applications. This comprehensive reference presents not only the basics of nanophotonics but also explores recent experimental and clinical methods used in biomedical and bioengineering research. Each peer-reviewed chapter of this book discusses fundamental aspects and materials/fabrication issues of nanophotonics, as well as applications in interfaces, cell, tissue, animal studies, and clinical engineering. The organization provides quick access to current issues and trends of nanophotonic applications in biomedical engineering. All students and professionals in applied sciences, materials, biomedical engineering, and medical and healthcare industry will find this essential reference book highly useful.

"Optical microcavities greatly enhance the strength of light-matter interactions by confining optical modes to persistently circulate within a small volume of the device material. The utility of these systems is evidenced by their implementation in a wide variety of optical applications and fundamental studies. This dissertation focuses on the development of optical microresonators in the silicon-on-insulator platform for their application in nonlinear and quantum optics. Single-crystalline silicon microresonators are particularly well-suited for integrated nonlinear optical applications, due to their large refractive indices, large Kerr nonlinearities, high quality factor whispering-gallery modes, and narrowband Raman spectra. Furthermore, nonlinear parametric processes in silicon can be harnessed to create chip-scale quantum states of light with excellent characteristics. Moreover, the cavity-enhancement enables the generation of photon pairs with high purity and narrow spectral linewidth, as well as control over their spectro-temporal properties. Depending on the application, the photonic quantum states can be utilized as a source of entanglement or heralded to provide single photons. We elucidate the multifunctional nature of optical microresonators by investigating the creation of entangled photon pairs, heralded single photons, and indistinguishable twin photons within these devices. In each of these domains, the produced photonic quantum states are characterized and shown to exhibit features that make them best in class. Additionally, we demonstrate a new technique which can be universally applied for dispersion compensation in microresonator-based optical parametric processes. By spatially modulating the microresonator boundary, we show that individual cavity resonances can be targeted and frequency shifted to enable parametric generation. Finally, we propose and demonstrate a powerful tool for quantum optics, which is based on the creation and coherent conversion of photonic quantum states between coupled electromagnetic cavity modes. The modal coupling introduces new creation pathways to a nonlinear optical process within the device, which then quantum mechanically interfere to drive the system between states in the time domain. The coherent conversion entangles the biphotons between propagation pathways, leading to cyclically evolving path-entanglement and the manifestation of coherent oscillations in second-order temporal correlations. In turn, by tuning properties of the cavity, we are able to intrinsically manipulate the generated quantum states and their entanglement properties for the first time in a photon pair source. It is envisioned that such systems will open a route to exotic multi-photon states and higher dimensional entanglement."--Pages xi-xii.

Microcavity Semiconductor Lasers Explore this thorough overview of integrable microcavity semiconductor lasers and their applications from two leading voices in the field Attracting a great deal of attention over the last decades for their promising applications in photonic integration and optical interconnects, microcavity semiconductor lasers continue to develop via advances in fundamental physics, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. In a new work that will be of interest to researchers and practitioners alike, Microcavity Semiconductor Lasers: Principles, Design, and Applications delivers an application-oriented and highly relevant exploration of the theory, fabrication, and applications of these practical devices. The book focuses on unidirectional emission microcavity lasers for photonic integrated circuits, including polygonal microresonators, microdisk, and microring lasers. After an introductory overview of optical microcavities for microlasers and detailed information of the lasers themselves, including mode structure control and characteristics, and lasing properties, the distinguished authors discuss fabrication and applications of different microcavity lasers. Prospects for future research and potential new applications round out the book. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to multilayer optical waveguides, the FDTD Method, and Padé Approximation, and deformed, chaos, and unidirectional emission microdisk lasers An exploration of mode analysis for triangle and square microresonators similar as FP Cavity Practical discussions of mode analysis and control for deformed square microlasers An examination of hexagonal microcavity lasers and polygonal microcavities, along with vertical radiation loss for 3D microcavities Perfect for laser specialists, semiconductor physicists, and solid-state physicists, Microcavity Semiconductor Lasers: Principles, Design, and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of materials scientists and professionals working in the semiconductor and optical industries seeking a one-stop reference for integrable microcavity semiconductor lasers.

This book summarizes the recent research and development in the field of glass micro- and nanospheres. With special focus on the physics of spherical whispering-gallery mode resonators, it presents selected examples of application of glass microspheres in biosensing, laser devices, and microwave engineering. Hollow microspheres also offer a perspective for hydrogen transport and storage. On the other hand, glass nanospheres are fundamental for a class of photonic crystals (e.g., direct and inverse opals), as well as for industrial composite materials. Both micro- and nanospheres find important applications in biomedicine. The book highlights examples of preparation techniques and applications, addresses recent challenges, and examines potential solutions. It addresses physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers, working with glass materials on microcavities, on nanotechnologies, and on their applications.

Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of light to microscale volumes. The universal importance of these structures has made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. This important book describes the many applications and the related physics, providing both a review and a tutorial of key subjects by leading researchers from each field. The topics include cavity QED and quantum information, nanophotonics and nanostructure interactions, wavelength switching and modulation in optical communications, optical chaos and biosensors.