Energy Efficient Communication And Rate Control Algorithms For Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor networks provide applications in many diverse areas. This is for the simple fact that they are reliable, flexible, easily deployable and highly cost-effective. Smart sensors can provide such diverse services as detecting signs of machine failures, sensing earthquakes, onset of flooding and even provide a warning system for potential terrorist attacks. Because the sensors are untethered and battery powered, these networks have to maintain a high yield to the energy spent per sensor device. These yields translate into mainly throughputs and packet latencies while keeping the energy usage at the minimum. In this work, we look at the communication level energy usage within the sensor networks and propose novel scheme for channel access optimized for energy consumption and rate control algorithms for traffic engineering and congestion control in wireless sensor networks. The first involves a novel medium access protocol for wireless sensor networks. The protocol is based on exploiting the periodicity inherent in carrier sensing schemes like CSMA/CA combined with a relaxed time-access arbitration regime among the competing nodes. Transmission and reception of data frames are made to be strictly receiver triggered events which makes it possible to bring down idle-listening drastically. The protocol also provides a way to make the channel access collision-free among the two-degree neighbors. PMAC requires no additional control signaling and no network-wide synchronization. The protocol does not seek to make any tradeoff for the gains in energy efficiency with latency or throughput. It presents high-energy efficiency and throughput improvement in low as well as high-traffic scenarios of sleeping. In the second part, we propose novel rate-control algorithms for the wireless sensor networks. There has been a growth in personal area network technologies like Bluetooth etc to support various applications that require multimedia level QoS in a high interference environment. Applications such as voice data traffic, file transfers, periodic synching of electronic devices within the range of 10m-15m requires sophisticated yet simple channel access techniques that accommodate different QoS requirements of these applications. In this context, the new rate control algorithms were designed that reduces the interference and maximized the throughput and reliability parameters such as packet success rates, packet latency and aggregate throughput per flow. Moreover, the rate control algorithm also takes into account the fairness issues among the competing flows in terms of the bandwidth-share.

The advances in low-power electronic devices integrated with wireless communication capabilities are one of recent areas of research in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). One of the major challenges in WSNs is uniform and least energy dissipation while increasing the lifetime of the network. This is the first book that introduces the energy efficient wireless sensor network techniques and protocols. The text covers the theoretical as well as the practical requirements to conduct and trigger new experiments and project ideas. The advanced techniques will help in industrial problem solving for energy-hungry wireless sensor network applications.

Compared with conventional communications, cooperative communication allows multiple users in a wireless network to coordinate their packet transmissions and share each other's resources, thus achieving high-performance gain and better service coverage and reliability. Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks provides a comprehensive look at energy efficiency and system design of cooperative wireless communication. Introducing effective cooperative wireless communication schemes, the book supplies the understanding and methods required to improve energy efficiency, reliability, and end-to-end protocol designs for wireless communication systems. It explains the practical benefits and limitations of cooperative transmissions along with the associated designs of upper-layer protocols, including MAC, routing, and transport protocol. The book considers power efficiency as a main objective in cooperative communication to ensure quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. It explains how to bring the performance gain at the physical layer up to the network layer and how to allocate network resources dynamically through MAC/scheduling and routing to trade off the performance benefits of given transmissions against network costs. Because the techniques detailed in each chapter can help readers achieve energy efficiency and reliability in wireless networks, they have the potential to impact a range of industry areas, including wireless communication, wireless sensor networks, and ad hoc networks. The book includes numerous examples, best practices, and models that capture key issues in real-world applications. Along with algorithms and tips for effective design, the book supplies the understanding you will need to achieve high-performing and energy efficient wireless networks with improved service coverage and reliability.

Packet delay and energy consumption are important considerations in wireless and sensor networks as these metrics directly affect the quality of service of the application and the resource consumption of the network; especially, for a rapidly growing class of real-time applications that impose strict restrictions on packet delays. Dynamic rate control is a novel technique for adapting the transmission rate of wireless devices, almost in real-time, to opportunistically exploit time-varying channel conditions as well as changing traffic patterns. Since power consumption is not a linear function of the rate and varies significantly with the channel conditions, adapting the rate has significant benefits in minimizing energy consumption. These benefits have prompted significant research in developing algorithms for achieving optimal rate adaptation while satisfying quality of service requirements. In this book, we provide a comprehensive study of dynamic rate control for energy minimization under packet delay constraints. We present several formulations and approaches adopted in the literature ranging from discrete-time formulations and dynamic programming based solutions to continuous-time approaches utilizing ideas from network calculus and stochastic optimal control theory. The goal of this book is to expose the reader to the important problem of wireless data transmission with delay constraints and to the rich set of tools developed in recent years to address it. Table of Contents: Introduction / Transmission Rate Adaptation under Deadline Constraints / Average Delay Constraints

This book presents state-of-the-art cross-layer optimization techniques for energy-efficient information processing and routing in wireless sensor networks. Besides providing a survey on this important research area, three specific topics are discussed in detail OCo information processing in a collocated cluster, information transport over a tree substrate, and information routing for computationally intensive applications. The book covers several important system knobs for cross-layer optimization, including voltage scaling, rate adaptation, and tunable compression. By exploring tradeoffs of energy versus latency and computation versus communication using these knobs, significant energy conservation is achieved. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks (421 KB). Contents: Introduction of Wireless Sensor Networks; Background; Energy Models; Information Processing within a Collocated Cluster; Information Transportation over a Tree Substrate; Information Routing with Tunable Compression. Readership: Researchers and graduate students in networking and electrical engineering."

This book is the first systematic exposition on the emerging domain of wireless power transfer in ad hoc communication networks. It selectively spans a coherent, large spectrum of fundamental aspects of wireless power transfer, such as mobility management in the network, combined wireless power and information transfer, energy flow among network devices, joint activities with wireless power transfer (routing, data gathering and solar energy harvesting), and safety provisioning through electromagnetic radiation control, as well as fundamental and novel circuits and technologies enabling the wide application of wireless powering. Comprising a total of 27 chapters, contributed by leading experts, the content is organized into six thematic sections: technologies, communication, mobility, energy flow, joint operations, and electromagnetic radiation awareness. It will be valuable for researchers, engineers, educators, and students, and it may also be used as a supplement to academic courses on algorithmic applications, wireless protocols, distributed computing, and networking.

Wireless Sensor Networks have a wide range of applications in different areas. Their main constraint is the limited and irreplaceable power source of the sensor nodes. In many applications, energy conservation of the sensor nodes and their replacement or replenishment due to the hostile nature of the environment is the most challenging issue. Energy efficient clustering and routing are the two main important topics studied extensively for this purpose. This book focuses on the energy efficient clustering and routing with a great emphasis on the evolutionary approaches. It provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction of the fundamentals of WSNs, major issues and effective solutions.

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2017 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: PhD, , course: Doctor of Philosophy, language: English, abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is fast emerging as prominent study area that attracting considerable research attention globally. The field has seen tremendous development in design and development of application related interfaces with sensor networks. Sensor network finds applications in several domains such as medical, military, home networks, space and so on. Many researchers strongly believe that WSNs can become as important as the internet in the near future. Just as the internet allows access to digital information anywhere, WSNs could easily provide remote interaction with the physical world. It is going to be the backbone of Ubiquitous Computing (UBICOMP).Through local collaboration among sensors, elimination of duplicate data, participation of relevant nodes in the given task etc. can produce a significant difference in energy conservation, thereby increasing the life time of the sensor network. As the number of nodes increases, data security becomes the most challenging part of the network. The intruders can hack the data any time during processing, transmission or at the receiver end. So, as a popular approach data encryption is the most commendable approach in today’s network. Asymmetric key encryption consumes more energy in processing and so not recommended for WSNs. Symmetric key encryption gives better performance with respect to asymmetric key encryption in WSN applications. It uses less computational power due to relatively effortless mathematical operations, and eventually spends less power. This thesis also proposes a symmetric data encryption through Tabulation method of Boolean function reductionfor the WSNs for secure data transmission. It also suggests a new secure approach, SEEMd, Security Enabled Energy Efficient Middleware algorithmfor the critical data sensing and gives a second chance to the nodes before it falls into to sleep mode for energy management. WSNs are designed for applications which range from small-size healthcare surveillance systems to large-scale agricultural monitoring or environmental monitoring. Thus, any WSN deployment, data aggregation, processing and communication have to assure minimum Quality of Service (QoS) in the network from application to application. In this circumstances, the proposed algorithms in this thesis proved to be efficient and reliable in energy saving and life time enhancement.