Energy Aware Routing Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks

Collecting and processing data is a necessary aspect of living in a technologically advanced society. Whether it’s monitoring events, controlling different variables, or using decision-making applications, it is important to have a system that is both inexpensive and capable of coping with high amounts of data. As the application of these networks becomes more common, it becomes imperative to evaluate their effectiveness as well as other opportunities for possible implementation in the future. Sensor Technology: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a vital reference source that brings together new ways to process and monitor data and to put it to work in everything from intelligent transportation systems to healthcare to multimedia applications. It also provides inclusive coverage on the processing and applications of wireless communication, sensor networks, and mobile computing. Highlighting a range of topics such as internet of things, signal processing hardware, and wireless sensor technologies, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for research and development engineers, IT specialists, developers, graduate students, academics, and researchers.

The current progress in Wireless Sensor Network has taken to various new protocols formed especially for sensor networks in where the energy awareness is a necessary deliberation. Wireless Sensor Network is highly accessible for significant applications namely surveillance of security and environmental monitoring. The researchers all over the world are investigating about the most important parameter of wireless sensor network i.e. Energy. The main emphasis is given over the efficiency of energy as the energy saved by the wireless sensor network is less and the consumption of energy is high and this is the main reason behind the lifetime network depletion at a fast pace. There in the sensor nodes one more challenge is exhibited that is of the limited power capacity, so for the same the battery should be either charged or changed as there are several functions which are to be performed by the energy of the sensor nodes being aggregation, sensing and transmission of data and on board processing. Majorly, the energy is consumed by the wireless data transmission among the nodes and more energy is consumed as compared to the other sensing and processing operations of data. The high energy is consumed because the data is transmitted over a large distance as the nodes are located far from each other. Further, the collision, overhearing and idle listening of the nodes are the major reasons behind the high wastage of energy during the transmission and the communication of data. There are several applications, in which the nodes are disregarded, and thus worsening the failure of nodes and enhancing the problem of high energy consumption. The success of the application is dependent over the network lifetime and the exchange or the recharging of the batteries is costly as well as not feasible. Therefore, the attention of the researchers is seeking towards usage and the consumption of the energy. Further, the development of such energy efficient network should be done which should cover and provide solution for all the above mentioned challenges so that the utility of the wireless sensor networks is enhanced in the applications related to it. The main intention of this study and book is to investigate in detail about the concept “An Intelligent Energy Aware Routing Protocol using Data Fusion Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks”. Significance of the Book: This book convers and discusses about previous studies carried out in the area of data fusion and the crucial issue in energy reduction of the sensor modes during the data fusion. The main objectives of this book a) To analyze the energy aware routing protocol in wireless sensor network; b) To examine the maximum energy consumption for routing process to sustain long life batter power in wireless sensor network.; c) To analyze the routing protocol enhancement by applying data fusion technique; d)To explore the routing protocol enhancement by applying data fusion technique; e)To propose an algorithm to integrate data fusion technique to enhance the consumption of energy. This book study is constrained to wireless sensor networks and limited to data fusion technique. However, this book study evaluates the concept of “An Intelligent Energy Aware Routing Protocol using Data Fusion Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks”. Finally, this book considers a novel network organization scheme, energy-efficient Self organizing Map (K-SOM) Feed forward scheme, to organize sensor nodes into clusters with Data-Fusion. Also, it proposes a Energy aware routing algorithm, called “Artificial Intelligence Based Energy Aware Routing Protocol (AIEARP) for Wireless Sensor Network, for elevating sensor network lifetime. This book also shows the Experimental results for out-performs interims of network lifetime with dead nodes at different iteration and energy conservation with its energy consumption among the cluster heads. The following is an overview of the contents of the chapter, which presented in this Book. Chapter 1: Introduction of the EARP in WSN This chapter provides the vital idea about the research concept “An Intelligent Energy Aware Routing Protocol using Data Fusion Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks” including the research background, problem statement, aims and objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study and limitations of the research. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter examines several works related to the conceptual framework model for “An Intelligent Energy Aware Routing Protocol using Data Fusion Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks”. In addition to these, this research explains in detail about the energy aware routing protocol in wireless sensor network. Apart from these, this research explains about the maximum energy consumption for routing process to sustain long life batter power in wireless sensor network. At last, this literature review chapter discusses about the routing protocol enhancement by applying data fusion technique and the routing protocol enhancement by applying data fusion technique. In addition to these, this research provides framework for “An Intelligent Energy Aware Routing Protocol using Data Fusion Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks”. Chapter 3: Research design This chapter provides an overview about the intelligent energy aware routing protocol using data fusion technique in wireless sensor networks. This chapter explains about the steps to be followed in the developed method. Chapter 4: Result analysis in term of intelligent energy aware protocol This chapter discusses about the analysis of implementation of proposed framework “An Intelligent Energy Aware Routing Protocol using Data Fusion Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks”. Chapter 5: Conclusion & Future enhancement This chapter explains about the summary of findings obtained through the analysis and results section and also gives conclusion to the research “An Intelligent Energy Aware Routing Protocol using Data Fusion Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks” followed by suggestions and recommendations for the future research. Bibliography: This section lists all works of interest, including those mentioned in the text.

Recent technological advances have enabled distributed micro-sensing for large scale information gathering through a network of tiny, low power devices or nodes equipped with programmable computing, multiple sensing and communication capabilities. This network of sensor nodes, known as a wireless sensor network, has revolutionized remote monitoring applications because of its ease of deployment, ad hoc connectivity and cost-effectiveness. In this dissertation, we design distributed routing protocols for minimizing energy consumption in a sensor network. There are two main contributions of this work. The first contribution is the design of an energy aware multiple path routing protocol to route heavy data traffic between a source and a destination node in a sensor network. The protocol spreads the routing load between the source and destination nodes over a large number of sensor nodes to minimize disparity in the energy levels of the sensor nodes. We also grade the multiple paths based on their route length to support time critical queries on the shortest available paths. The second contribution is the design of a communication architecture that supports distributed query processing to evaluate spatio-temporal queries within the network. We represent these queries by query trees and distribute query operators to appropriate sensor nodes. As operator execution demands high computation capability, we propose use of a heterogenous sensor network where query operators are assigned to sparsely deployed resource-rich nodes within a dense network of low power sensor nodes. We design an adaptive, decentralized, low communication overhead algorithm to determine an operator placement on the resource-rich nodes in the network to minimize cost of transmitting data in the routing tree constructed to continuously retrieve data from a set of spatially distributed geographical regions to the sink. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to build an energy aware routing infrastructure to enable in-network processing of spatio-temporal queries. In order to maximize energy savings the proposed multiple path routing protocol can be used to route data between the nodes that form the routing tree.

This book constitutes the proceedings of three International Conferences, NeCoM 2011, on Networks & Communications, WeST 2011, on Web and Semantic Technology, and WiMoN 2011, on Wireless and Mobile Networks, jointly held in Chennai, India, in July 2011. The 74 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address all technical and practical aspects of networks and communications in wireless and mobile networks dealing with issues such as network protocols and wireless networks, data communication technologies, and network security; they present knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of the Web and semantic technologies; as well as current research on wireless and mobile communications, networks, protocols and on wireless and mobile security.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are battery powered, and minimizing energy consumption without compromising the data quality is imperative for maximizing its lifetime. Traditional routing protocols are seen to suffer from a load imbalance problem that is caused by concentration of data traffic only on a few critical nodes, which is solely decided by link quality considerations. As a result, some critical nodes may deplete their batteries faster and stop working much earlier than desired, which ultimately compromises the network lifetime. This work involves design of a load balanced and energy aware routing algorithm which tries to distribute data traffic over all the critical nodes using real time traffic data as well as voltage based run-time energy monitoring to modify the routing metric. This will ensure that sensor nodes will choose routes with higher energy and lower data traffic which would balance the energy consumption in the nodes and improve the network lifetime. Laboratory results and simulations indicate significant increase in network lifetime in comparison to the traditional tree routing protocol.

This brief provides an overview of recent developments in multi-hop routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It introduces the various classifications of routing protocols and lists the pros and cons of each category, going beyond the conceptual overview of routing classifications offered in other books. Recently many researchers have proposed numerous multi-hop routing protocols and thereby created a need for a book that provides its readers with an up-to-date road map of this research paradigm. The authors present some of the most relevant results achieved by applying an algorithmic approach to the research on multi-hop routing protocols. The book covers measurements, experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of multi-hop communication prototypes. Furthermore, it describes future research challenges and as such serves as a useful guide for students and researchers alike.

With the rapid growth of technology in society, communication networks have become a heavily researched topic. Implementing these advanced systems is a challenge, however, due to the abundance of optimization problems within these networks. The use of meta-heuristic algorithms and nature-inspired computing has become a prevalent technique among researchers for solving these complex problems within communication networks. Despite its popularity, this specific computing technique lacks the appropriate amount of research that is needed for professionals to grasp a definite understanding. Nature-Inspired Computing Applications in Advanced Communication Networks is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of natural computation techniques and algorithms within communication systems such as wireless sensor networks, vehicular adhoc networks, and internet of things. While highlighting topics including mobile sensor deployment, routing optimization, and sleep scheduling, this book is ideally designed for researchers, network professionals, computer scientists, mathematicians, developers, scholars, educators, and students seeking to enhance their understanding of nature-inspired computing and its solutions within various advanced communication networks.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advanced Science and Technology, AST 2011, held in Seoul, South Korea, in September 2011. The 37 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers feature ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of the Advanced Science and Technology, such as communication and networking; ubiquitous multimedia computing; security technology and information assurance; computer science, software engineering and applications thereof; bio-science and bio-technology; u- and e-service, science and technology; database theory and application; control and automation; signal processing, image processing and pattern recognition; as well as grid and distributed computing.