Encyclopedia Of Indo European Culture

The Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture is a major new reference work that provides full, inclusive coverage of the major Indo-European language stocks, their origins, and the range of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language. The Encyclopedia also includes numerous entries on archaeological cultures having some relationship to the origin and dispersal of Indo-European groups -- as well as entries on some of the major issues in Indo-European cultural studies.There are two kinds of entries in the Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture: a) those that are devoted to archaeology, culture, or the various Indo -European languages; and b) those that are devoted to the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European words.Entries may be accessed either via the General Index or the List of Topics: Entries by Category where all individual reconstructed head-forms can also be found. Reference may also be made to the Language Indices.In order to make the book as accessible as possible to the non-specialist, the Editors have provided a list of Abbreviations and Definitions, which includes a number of definitions of specialist terms (primarily linguistic) with which readers may not be acquainted. As the writing systems of many Indo-European groups vary considerably in terms of phonological representation, there is also included a list of Phonetic Definitions.With more than 700 entries, written by specialists from around the world, the Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture has become an essential reference text in this field.

The authors introduce Proto-Indo-European describing its construction and revealing the people who spoke it between 5,500 and 8,000 years ago. Using archaeological evidence and natural history they reconstruct the lives, passions, culture, society and mythology of the Proto-Indo-Europeans.

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 84. Chapters: Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Beaker culture, House burning of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Decline and end of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Technology of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Religion and ritual of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Economy of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Periodization of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Indo-Iranians, Chernyakhov culture, Corded Ware culture, Symbols and proto-writing of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex, Settlements of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Architecture of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Diet of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Vu edol culture, Geography of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Andronovo culture, Funnelbeaker culture, Gumelni a-Karanovo culture, Archaeogenetics of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Kura-Araxes culture, Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture, Terramare culture, Samara culture, Abashevo culture, Villanovan culture, Zarubintsy culture, Maykop culture, Baden culture, Comb Ceramic culture, Przeworsk culture, Barter tokens of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, Khvalynsk culture, Catacomb culture, Afanasevo culture, Yamna culture, Dnieper-Donets culture, Globular Amphora culture, Chernoles culture, Star evo culture, Karasuk culture, Lengyel culture, Middle Dnieper culture, Sredny Stog culture, Srubna culture, Ezero culture, Potapovka culture, Rudna Glava, Baalberge group, Dereivka, Cernavod culture, Poltavka culture, Kemi Oba culture, Usatovo culture, Novotitorovka culture, Yaz culture, Lower Mikhaylovka group.

This book presents the most comprehensive coverage of the field of Indo-European Linguistics in a century, focusing on the entire Indo-European family and treating each major branch and most minor languages. The collaborative work of 120 scholars from 22 countries, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics combines the exhaustive coverage of an encyclopedia with the in-depth treatment of individual monographic studies.

The Phrygian cap is a cone-shaped headdress with the top thrown forward. Initially, the cap was worn by the Indo-European tribes of the Phrygians in Asia Minor, and the Greeks borrowed it from them. During the French bourgeois revolution of the 18th century, the Phrygian cap became a detail of the Jacobins' clothing, and in the 20th century, Red Army soldiers wore a type of Budyonovka cap. The pagan beliefs of the ancient Indo-Europeans were very diverse. In many Aryan settlements, the head of the divine pantheon at that time was the sunny-faced Mithras, the owner of wide pastures. In the old days in Rus', the barnyard was called a mitria. Mitra is a headdress in Orthodox and Catholic churches. Along with Mitra, the ancient Aryans revered Vertragna, the god of war and victory, a changeable whirlwind that can be both kind, quiet and warm, and destructive, sweeping away everything in its path.

Recent developments in aDNA has reshaped our understanding of later European prehistory, and at the same time also opened up for more fruitful collaborations between archaeologists and historical linguists. Two revolutionary genetic studies, published independently in Nature, 2015, showed that prehistoric Europe underwent two successive waves of migration, one from Anatolia consistent with the introduction of agriculture, and a later influx from the Pontic-Caspian steppes which without any reasonable doubt pinpoints the archaeological Yamnaya complex as the cradle of (Core-)Indo-European languages. Now, for the first time, when the preliminaries are clear, it is possible for the fields of genetics, archaeology and historical linguistics to cooperate in a constructive fashion to refine our knowledge of the Indo-European homeland, migrations, society and language. For the historical-comparative linguists, this opens up a wealth of exciting perspectives and new working fields in the intersections between linguistics and neighbouring disciplines, for the archaeologists and geneticists, on the other hand, the linguistic contributions help to endow the material findings with a voice from the past. The present selection of papers illustrate the importance of an open interdisciplinary discussion which will gradually help us in our quest of Tracing the Indo-Europeans.

A Grammar of Modern Indo-European is a complete reference guide to a living Indo-European language. It contains a comprehensive description of Proto-Indo-European grammar, and offers an analysis of the complexities of the prehistoric language and its reconstruction from its descendant languages. Written in a fresh and accessible style, and illustrated with maps, figures and tables, this book focusses on the real patterns of use of Late Indo-European. The book is well organised and is filled with full, clear explanations of areas of confusion and difficulty. It also contains an extensive English - Indo-European, Indo-European - English vocabulary, as well as detailed etymological notes, designed to provide readers with an easy access to the information they require.An essential reference source for the student of Indo-European as a learned and living language, this work will appeal to students of languages, classics, and the ancient world, as well as to general readers interested in the history of language, and in speaking the direct ancestor of the world's largest language family.

Three against an Empire! Ason: Prince of an ancient house, intent on restoring the keystone of his father's power, braves the limits of the land-rimmed sea to sail North, through the cold fog, to the icy island where, with heroic effort, the key to victory may be found. Inteb: Former envoy of the Pharoah, reluctant voyager to the forbidden island of Yerni, armed only with his arcane knowledge and his loyalty to Ason. Naikeri: Pround daughter of the Albi, she has never known a warrior like Ason, nor a world like the one she helps him build-a world that will center on one of the greatest monuments of all time... STONEHENGE The exciting saga of the creation of a legend! At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Roughly half the world's population speaks languages derived from a shared linguistic source known as Proto-Indo-European. But who were the early speakers of this ancient mother tongue, and how did they manage to spread it around the globe? Until now their identity has remained a tantalizing mystery to linguists, archaeologists, and even Nazis seeking the roots of the Aryan race. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language lifts the veil that has long shrouded these original Indo-European speakers, and reveals how their domestication of horses and use of the wheel spread language and transformed civilization. Linking prehistoric archaeological remains with the development of language, David Anthony identifies the prehistoric peoples of central Eurasia's steppe grasslands as the original speakers of Proto-Indo-European, and shows how their innovative use of the ox wagon, horseback riding, and the warrior's chariot turned the Eurasian steppes into a thriving transcontinental corridor of communication, commerce, and cultural exchange. He explains how they spread their traditions and gave rise to important advances in copper mining, warfare, and patron-client political institutions, thereby ushering in an era of vibrant social change. Anthony also describes his fascinating discovery of how the wear from bits on ancient horse teeth reveals the origins of horseback riding. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language solves a puzzle that has vexed scholars for two centuries--the source of the Indo-European languages and English--and recovers a magnificent and influential civilization from the past.