Enabling Innovation

Why do some technologies spread while others do not? What are the consequences of top-down diffusion strategies? What are the disadvantages of instant patents? In answering these questions, this book forms a 'how to do it' guide to innovation management.

The capability to innovate in an on-going manner is emerging as a decisive key factor in today's world of business and work. The ability to stay competitive is becoming identical with the ability to innovate. This book originated from the research and development project “International Monitoring” and outlines the topic of innovative capability from a practice-oriented angle. Contributions of German and international experts offer an enlightening glimpse behind the scenes of innovations. The central issue is not the description of features of successful innovation processes or how innovations can be efficiently controlled and managed, but under which conditions they can emerge in the first place. In what way can individuals, organizations, networks and societies be enabled to continuously induce innovations?

Enabling Innovation Measurement at the Sub-National Level is part of the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) Intellectual Property (IP) and Innovation Ecosystems Sector (IES) response to supporting member states wishing to develop their own complementary and mutually reinforcing sub-national innovation indices. Drawing on the Global Innovation Index (GII) framework WIPO is proceeding in two ways: 1) organizing workshops on the exchange of best practices, and 2) providing this study on sub-national innovation indices.

When The Knowledge-Creating Company (OUP; nearly 40,000 copies sold) appeared, it was hailed as a landmark work in the field of knowledge management. Now, Enabling Knowledge Creation ventures even further into this all-important territory, showing how firms can generate and nurture ideas by using the concepts introduced in the first book. Weaving together lessons from such international leaders as Siemens, Unilever, Skandia, and Sony, along with their own first-hand consulting experiences, the authors introduce knowledge enabling--the overall set of organizational activities that promote knowledge creation--and demonstrate its power to transform an organization's knowledge into value-creating actions. They describe the five key "knowledge enablers" and outline what it takes to instill a knowledge vision, manage conversations, mobilize knowledge activists, create the right context for knowledge creation, and globalize local knowledge. The authors stress that knowledge creation must be more than the exclusive purview of one individual--or designated "knowledge" officer. Indeed, it demands new roles and responsibilities for everyone in the organization--from the elite in the executive suite to the frontline workers on the shop floor. Whether an activist, a caring expert, or a corporate epistemologist who focuses on the theory of knowledge itself, everyone in an organization has a vital role to play in making "care" an integral part of the everyday experience; in supporting, nurturing, and encouraging microcommunities of innovation and fun; and in creating a shared space where knowledge is created, exchanged, and used for sustained, competitive advantage. This much-anticipated sequel puts practical tools into the hands of managers and executives who are struggling to unleash the power of knowledge in their organization.

The patent system is based on "one-patent-per-product" presumption and therefore fails to sustain complex follow-on innovations that contain a number of patents. The book explains that follow-on innovations may be subject to market failures such as hold-ups and excessive royalties. For decades, scholars have debated whether the market problems can be solved with voluntary licensing i.e., open innovation, or with compulsory liability rules. The book concludes that neither approach is sufficient. On the one hand, incentives to engage in open innovation practices involving patents are insufficient. On the other hand, the existing compulsory liability rules in patent and competition law are not tailored to address follow-on innovator's interests. To transcend this problem, the author proposes a compulsory liability rule against the suppression of follow-on innovation, that paradoxically, fosters early-on voluntary licensing between patent holders and follow-on innovators. The book is aimed at patent and competition law scholars and practitioners, patent attorneys, managers, engineers and economists who either engage in open innovation involving patents or conduct research on the topic. It also offers insights to policy and law-makers reviewing the possibilities to foster open innovation initiatives or adapt the scope of patent remedies or employ compulsory licenses for patents.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Joint International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, and Electronic Democracy, EGOVIS/EDEM 2013, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in August 2013, in conjunction with DEXA 2013. The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. They focus on the currently most sensitive areas in the field, such as identity management as a core component in any e-government or participation system, open data, mobile government applications as well as intelligent and learning systems.The papers are organized in the following topical sections: identity management in e-government; intelligent systems in e-government; e-government cases; mobile government; open government data; and e-participation.

Practical advice from experts on how to create, manage, measure, and improve innovation in and for today's digital markets All organizations grapple with what digitalization means for their business and, in particular, how digital forces will drive their approaches to innovation. But very few organizations have clearly defined the scale, speed, and scope of their engagement with the digital world. These essays, from the pages of the preeminent journal MIT Sloan Management Review, offer practical advice from experts on how to create, facilitate, and manage innovation in and for today's digital markets. The essays emphasize the power of intersections, where different mindsets and skills collide. These connections can be external—LEGO, for example, has engaged more than 100,000 adult fans in user communities—or internal, as when “brokers,” “connectors,” and “energizers” act within organizations. Contributors stress the value of action over analysis, citing examples that affirm the power of trial-and-error experimentation. They demonstrate that innovation success requires thinking beyond technology. Innovation is not created by white-coated scientists in a lab; it is not the job of the few but of the many. And finally, the contributors warn that the greatest enemy lies within; innovators often encounter fierce internal resistance. They consider innovations in the innovation process itself, describing the promise and pitfalls of “design thinking” and offering advice on how to manage the tension between new and existing business models. Innovation is not a magical act practiced by a select few with rare gifts. Innovation is a discipline that can be measured, managed, and improved. When Innovation Moves at Digital Speed provides practical guidance for innovation success. Contributors Daniel Amaral, Jamie Anderson, Scott D. Anthony, Yun Mi Antorini, Michael Arena, Tormod Askildsen, Michael Ballé, Thomas Bartman, Jennie Björk, Marcel Bogers, Anna Brattström, Clayton M. Christensen, Edivandro Carlos Conforto, Rob Cross, Charles Dhanaraj, Thomas Fink, Nicolai J. Foss, Johan Frishammar, Johann Harnoss, Srivardhini K. Jha, Lâle Kesebi, Rishikesha T. Krishnan, Martin Kupp, Sean Looram, Mats Magnusson, Ann Majchrzak, Arvind Malhotra, James Morgan, Albert M. Muñiz, Jr., Ramiro Palma, Ishwardutt Parulkar, Eric Rebentisch, Jörg Reckhenrich, Martin Reeves, Anders Richtnér, Dave Rochlin, Duncan Simester, Jonathan Sims, Joseph V. Sinfield, Durward K. Sobek II, Freddy Solis, Kristian J. Sund, Mary Uhl-Bien, Derek van Bever, J. Andrei Villarroel, Amy Webb

This open access book represents one of the key milestones of DESIGNSCAPES, an H2020 CSA (Coordination and Support Action) research project funded by the European Commission under the Call "User-driven innovation: value creation through design-enabled innovation". The book demonstrates that adopting design allows us to embed innovation within the city so as to arrive at feasible answers to complex global challenges. In this way, innovation can become disruptive, while also sparking a dynamic of gradual change in the "urbanscape" it acts within. To explore this potential, the book puts forward the concept of "design enabled innovation in urban environments" and examines the part that the city can play in promoting and facilitating the adoption of design among public and private sector innovators. This leads to a potential evaluation framework in which a given urbanscape is assessed both in terms of its capacity for generating innovation, and of the nature (more or less design-dependent or design-prone) of the innovative initiatives it hosts. This thread of reasoning holds many promising implications, including a possible "third way" between those who dream of an alternative economic model where revenues and growth are sacrificed on the altar of social and environmental respect, and the supporters of the traditional market-based view, who feel it is enough to add a touch of responsibility and concern to a system that should continue rewarding the profitability of innovations. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Private enterprises in advanced economies have been learning to use information and communication technology (ICT) to innovate and transform their processes, products, services and business models, significantly improving productivity and competitiveness. Moreover, the ICT industry itself has become a major source of job creation and a contributor to economic growth and business transformation. A key question today is whether and how developing countries can learn to benefit from the ICT revolution, and what roles the government and private sector can play. Already, a number of developing countries have been inspired by the example of India and China, and are now seeking to jump on the outsourcing bandwagon. Nevertheless, with few exceptions in the developing world, little attention has been paid by policymakers and practitioners to invest systematically and proactively in ICT-enabled growth, poverty reduction and grassroots innovation. Most communities and small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries, for example, face multiple constraints to adopting and leveraging this general purpose technology, and lack the capabilities for maximizing its potential. In "Enabling Enterprise Transformation", Nagy Hanna draws on his rich experience of over 35 years at the World Bank and other aid agencies as a development strategist and ICT policy expert, the most current research, and best practices from around the world to provide practical tools for promoting economic and social transformation through ICT. He assesses various initiatives to develop and diffuse ICT, such as innovation funds, incubators, parks, public-private partnerships, and comprehensive promotion programs. He argues for the strategic options now open for developing countries to participate in ICT production, to deploy ICT to transform industries and services, and to leverage ICT as a new national infrastructure for improving the business environment and enhancing the competitiveness of the whole economy. The challenge for leaders in developing countries is to create such social and institutional dynamics for learning about ICT use and adaptation at many levels. Lessons gained so far from programs to build these social learning and innovation capabilities at the institutional and grassroots levels should be shared among developing countries, and a dialogue among business leaders, policymakers, development agencies, educational institutions, and the general citizenry must be advanced.

"This collection of essays brings together papers that were presented at the sixth biennial conference of Advances in Social and Economic Aspects of Technology (ASEAT) ... in Manchester between 7th and 9th April 2003"--Introd.